The latest news about the confrontation between motherboard manufacturers and Nvidia contained information about the appearance of the defeat of the DFI initiative, which tried to ship motherboards based on the nForce 4 Ultra chipset with support for SLI mode and the corresponding connecting bridge in the kit. In addition, Nvidia promised to protect itself from hardware modifications of the nForce 4 Ultra chipset in future revisions, and the notorious SLI bridge was not allowed to be shipped under any pretext other than bundled motherboards based on the nForce 4 SLI chipset.
Of course, a separate line in terms of Nvidia's offensive against "pseudo-SLI" manufacturers was protection at the driver level. As soon as they discovered a graphics slot scheme other than "PCI Express x8 + PCI Express x8", the SLI mode could no longer be enabled.
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Of course, sources close to motherboard manufacturers immediately stated that the drivers can be "corrected" if desired, and everything will work as before. The prospect of hunting for tweaked drivers hardly appealed to anyone, but every owner of a system with SLI support wants to have fresh ForceWare drivers. The fact is that the SLI (AFR/SFR) operating modes are optimized with each new driver version, and the list of supported games is constantly growing. The new drivers not only bring greater performance gains in SLI mode, but also expand compatibility with new games. Constantly updating drivers is a must if you want to be at the forefront of the gaming movement.Our Bulgarian colleagues from the HW Spirit website published a good FAQ on SLI technology, which would not hurt all potential users to get acquainted with. It describes SLI operating modes, hardware requirements (including power supply recommendations), as well as some interesting nuances. We would like to refer to the latter the description of the algorithm for "forced" enabling of SLI support through the modification of the system registry. In fact, drivers perform a similar operation, it's just that the user controls the registry keys through a visual interface. Manual intervention in the registry may be required in cases where drivers refuse to enable SLI support. By the way, the success of this undertaking is not guaranteed, because in such cases the user acts at his own peril and risk.
Before describing the modification, we note that this method has been tested in detail on the following systems:
Intel P965 (ASUS P5B Deluxe) + 2 x GeForce 6600LE by xDevs.com
Intel P45 (ASUS MAXIMUS II Formula) + 2 x GeForce 9800GTX + by sveetsnelda
Intel X48 (Gigabyte X48T-DQ6) + 2 x GeForce GTX 260 216sp by DeDaL
Intel X48 (ASUS P5E64WS Evolution) + 2 x GeForce 7900GS by Xtremelabs.org
Intel X38 (ABIT IX38QuadGT) + 2 x GeForce GTX 260 by TheWolf
Intel P55 (ASUS MAXIMUS III Formula) + 2 x GeForce 6600LE by xDevs.com
Intel P45 (ASUS P5Q Deluxe) + 2 x GeForce GTX 285 by Death or Glory
Intel X48 (ASUS Rampage Extreme) + 2 x GeForce 6800Ultra by Turrican
Intel P45 (Gigabyte EP45-UD3P) + 2 x GeForce 8800GT (Win7 32bit)
Intel P45 (Gigabyte EP45-DS4) + 2 x GeForce GTX 260 by cxghjcqr
Intel P965 (Gigabyte P965-DQ6) + 2 x GeForce 6600LE by TiN
Intel X48 (DFI LP LT X48) + 2 x GeForce 7900GS by TiN
Intel X48 (ASUS Rampage Formula) + 2 x GeForce 9800GTX by Ghostleader
AMD 790X (Gigabyte GA-MA790X-UD4P)
AMD 790X (DFI LP DK 790FXB-M2RS) + 2 x GeForce 9800GT by aGeoM
Intel P35 (Abit IP35ProXE) + 2 x GeForce GTX 260 (192sp + 216sp) by TheWolf
Intel 5520 (Supermicro X8DAH+) + 2 x Quadro FX 4800 (GT200GL) on Windows 2008 R2 by derGhostrider
AMD 790FX (ASUS Crosshair III Formula) + 2 x GeForce 9800GT by aGeoM
Despite the small (so far) list - the modification allows you to run SLI on ANY chipset, not just Intel. It's just that there are no owners of two or more NVIDIA video cards with other chipsets willing to try SLI yet. But technically, SLI can be enabled even on motherboards with an AMD chipset, as long as there are enough PCI-Express slots.
The method has been successfully tested and implemented on operating systems:
Microsoft Windows XP 32 bit
Microsoft Windows Vista/7 32 bit
Microsoft Windows Vista/7 64 bit
Now it is possible to combine several NVIDIA video cards in SLI mode on any motherboards. This has become a reality thanks to the introduction of a simplified verification procedure, which is implemented for SLI support on the Intel X58 platform. The technology described in the article and the modified driver have been successfully tested on systems with Intel P45 (ASUS Maximus II Formula + 2 x 9800GTX+, XP) and Intel P965 (ASUS P5B Deluxe + 2 x 6600LE, XP) chipsets, but there are no restrictions on chipset support, therefore, in the near future, the list of tested chipsets will be updated as enthusiasts test it.
encrypted "allowed" list in the NVIDIA driver. In the case of the "foreign" Intel X58, a simplified compatibility check scheme was developed that uses text identifier strings, or otherwise SLIC certificates for all X58 boards.
The essence of the modification is to force the NVIDIA video driver to identify the "Intel X58" chipset, regardless of the actual set of logic used in the hardware. After receiving X58 authentication, the video driver checks for the correct SLI compliance certificate, which should be in the ACPI system tables. Initially, the table data is loaded from the computer's BIOS, but later an entry in the Windows registry is used.
At the current stage of installation, only a patched driver with a changed chipset identifier is not enough to activate SLI, you must also manually enter the appropriate certificate into the ACPI configuration tables. Fortunately, to make changes, it is not necessary to adjust the BIOS and put the motherboard at risk with unnecessary flashing. Let's use the method easier, thanks to the storage of the DSDT table we need in the Windows registry. At the moment, all certificates are associated with the name of the motherboard manufacturer, and are checked by the driver for correctness. This means that for ASUS motherboards (any models), you can only use a certificate from ASUS X58-based motherboards, such as Rampage III Extreme. For EVGA boards, similar to EVGA Classified.
To work, you need two utilities: Intel ASL Optimizing Compiler and Microsoft ASL 3.0
The whole procedure for adding a certificate for the Windows XP 32bit operating system looks something like this:
Procedure for adding X58 SLI certificate for Gigabyte P965-DQ6 board.
Step 0 We check the presence of the board of our manufacturer (Gigabyte) X58 in the list of certificates below. We use the string "" in this case.
Step 1. We read the ACPI table from the Windows registry and disassemble. To do this, create the c:/ACPI directory and copy the IASL and ASL 3.0 utilities into it. Run iasl -g on the command line. If everything went well, something like the following will be displayed:
The table we are interested in is disassembled and stored in the dsdt_GBTUACPI.dsl file. Open this file with any text editor.
Step 2 Insert the certificate into the table. The essence of editing is to find a block similar to:
Scope(\_SB_)
{
Various code not of interest to us
}
And inserting a block with a certificate immediately after this block. In our example, it looks like this:
original file
Device (\_SB.PCI0.EXPL)
{
Code not of interest to us ....
}
}
}
}
The file with the added certificate.
Device (\_SB.PCI0.EXPL)
{
Code not of interest to us ....
}
Scope(\_SB.PCI0)
{
Name (SLIC, Buffer (0x9E)
{
"987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for GIGABYTE GA EX58-UD38432-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)"
})
Device (WMI1)
{
Name(_HID, "pnp0c14")
Name(_UID, "MXM2")
Name(_WDG, Buffer(0x14)
{
/* 0000 */ 0x3C, 0x5C, 0xCB, 0xF6, 0xAE, 0x9C, 0xBD, 0x4E,
/* 0008 */ 0xB5, 0x77, 0x93, 0x1E, 0xA3, 0x2A, 0x2C, 0xC0,
/* 0010 */ 0x4D, 0x58, 0x01, 0x02
})
Method(WMMX, 3, NotSerialized)
{
CreateDWordField(Arg2, 0x00, FUNC)
If(LEqual(FUNC, 0x41494C53))
{
Return(\_SB.PCI0.SLIC)
}
Return (0x00)
}
}
}
We save the final text file with the table and the added certificate under the name sli.dsl.
Step 3 We compile the final table into a binary file. To do this, we will use the Microsoft ASL 3.0 utility, the link to which was given earlier.
If the compilation is successful, a DSDL.aml file will appear in the folder, in which the certificate string will already be embedded. This can be seen with any file viewer, the string is not encrypted.
Step 4 We load the modified DSDT table into the computer registry.
Step 5 We reboot the system, and in case of successful loading, install the modified driver, as usual. If everything went right, your system immediately reports the presence of SLI support and the driver activates the SLI control tab. If, due to some error, the system does not boot, or gives errors and blue screens, press F8 at boot and select "Load last working configuration".
If you need to return the original state of the DSDT table, canceling all changes, use the command asl /localtable DSDT.aml -d
A similar principle applies to the ASUS P5B Deluxe board. Let's just focus on the differences.
Step 0 Use the string "987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for ASUS RAMPAGE II EXT 3287-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)".
Step 1. We read the tables from the registry and disassemble using iasl –g. The resulting file name is dsdt_A0483035.dsl.
Step 2 We are looking for the _SB block and immediately after it we insert the SLIC block.
Step 3 We compile the file using the asl command dsdt_A0483035.dsl, we get DSDT.aml
Step 4. Load asl.exe /loadtable DSDT.aml
Step 5. Reboot and install the modified driver.
Despite the apparent complexity, all these steps are performed in 5 minutes with a break for tea, there is nothing complicated in the procedure, the main thing is to do everything carefully and without errors. Note that these operations interact with the PC hardware at a low level, so in case of failure of your PC, data loss, or any other negative phenomena, the responsibility lies solely with you. All transactions are presented for informational purposes, and no one except you is responsible for possible losses.
However, we did not notice any problems on various systems, everything went without a single error.
And now the results after modifications, and activation of SLI in popular benchmarks
P5B Deluxe (Intel 965 chipset) + two GeForce 6600LE video cards in SLI:
3D"03: one graphics card, QX9650 @ 4200MHz, 6600LE DDR3 660/670: 10044
3D"03: two graphics cards in SLI, Q6700 @ 3000MHz, 6600LE DDR3 580/522: 11087
3D"05: one graphics card, QX9650 @ 4213MHz, 6600LE DDR3 646/660: 3729
3D"05: two graphics cards in SLI, Q6700 @ 3000MHz, 6600LE DDR3 580/522: 4975
3D"06: one graphics card, Q6700 @ 3600MHz, 6600LE DDR3 580/585: 1510
3D"06: two graphics cards in SLI, Q6700 @ 3000MHz, 6600LE DDR3 580/522: 1808
Aqua: One graphics card, QX9650 @ 4200MHz, 6600LE DDR3 670/670: 71435
Aqua: two graphics cards in SLI, Q6700 @ 3000MHz, 6600LE DDR3 580/522: 88185
A detailed description of the procedure for more popular and modern Windows 7 and Windows Vista 32 bit and 64 bit variants will also be described here in the coming days.
In the meantime, screenshots confirming the operability of the method for them:
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for GIGABYTE GA EX58-UD38432-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for ASUS RAMPAGE II EXT 3287-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for ASUS P6T Deluxe 0101-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for GIGABYTE GA EX58-UD38432-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for GIGABYTE GA EX58UD4P3287-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for DFI LP UT X58 T3EH8 0101-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for MSI X58 PLATINUM 0101-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
987134512781Genuine NVIDIA Certified SLI Ready Motherboard for FOXCONN BLOODRAGE 3287-Copyright 2008 NVIDIA Corporation All Rights Reserved-765289891023(R)
At the moment, work is underway to eliminate the check for the presence of a certificate in the ACPI tables, so perhaps in a few days this entire procedure will not be required, it will be enough to install only the corrected driver.
Updated:
The ability to activate SLI on the original unmodified Forceware drivers of any versions that support SLI on the X58 has already been implemented. This is possible after patching the OS system library to the following versions:
The original file in the /windows/system32 directory must be replaced with the corrected one. After that, the chipset in the system will always be identified as X58, regardless of the drivers. This is also reported by the CPU-Z utility
An example of using the original Forceware 185.85 WHQL driver on an XP 32-bit system with a modified HAL.dll and a pair of GeForce 6600LE video cards.
The need for a SLIC certificate in the ACPI tables is still there.
Updated:
Modified Forceware 190.62 driver (Windows XP 32 bit) is available for download:
http://www.xdevs.com/sli/Forceware_XP32_19062_SLImod.rar - 79 MB
Modified file for Forceware 190.62 driver (Windows XP 32 bit) with forced use of ASUS certificate:
http://www.xdevs.com/sli/nv4_mini_rev2asus.rar - 2.1 Mb t - for this driver, you need to use the ASUS certificate, regardless of the real manufacturer of the motherboard. This will allow SLI to be enabled even on boards from manufacturers that do not have X58 solutions.
Modified file for Forceware 190.62 driver (Windows Vista/7 32 bit) is available for download:
http://www.xdevs.com/sli/nvlddmkm.rar - 2.6 MB
Modified file for Forceware 190.62 (Windows Vista/7 64 bit):
http://www.xdevs.com/sli/nvlddmkm-64bit_rev_2.rar - 3 MB
Modified HAL.DLL file for Windows XP 32 bit:
http://www.xdevs.com/sli/hal.dll - 130 KB- copy to the /% windows% / system32 folder, keeping the original.
Now that the principle is clear, finding similar code sections and modifying them in any modern drivers before NVIDIA releases new protection methods is a matter of technique and time.
This material would not be possible without the participation of:
If you have a desire to combine two nVidia GeForce video cards to improve performance in games and it turns out that the system unit on the motherboard, although there are two (or more) connectors for video cards, does not support nVidia SLI technology, then you should not immediately despair.
Thanks to developer Ember Vulpix, we now have the ability to run GeForce graphics cards in SLI mode on motherboards that support only ATi/AMD CrossFireX or no official ability to combine graphics cards for better 3D performance at all. Moreover, in an SLI tandem, it will be possible to combine two different video cards from nVidia (from the same or similar generations), such functionality is not provided even on boards with official SLI support. In general, download the DifferentSLIAuto 1.4 patch from the github (or from our website), unpack it and strictly follow the detailed instructions from the README.md file.
Let's test it in combat conditions on a system from the "bins" of "pieces of iron": let's take an old ECS P965T-A motherboard based on the Intel P965 chipset with two PCI-Ex16 slots (the second one functions in x4 mode), in the specifications of which there is no mention of configuration support SLI or CrossFireX, it only says "Unique ECS SDGE (Scalable Dual Graphic Engines) architecture", whatever that means. Add to it an Intel Core 2 Duo E4500 processor overclocked to 2.93GHz and 6GB of DDR2 PC6400 RAM. On all this, the operating system windows 7 HP x64 SP1 will spin.
In the same "bins" :) we found several video cards from nVidia:
- GeForce 9800GT Green 512MB GDDR3 256bit (Palit)
- GeForce 9800GT 1024MB GDDR3 256bit (Galaxy)
- GeForce GT240 1024MB GDDR3 128bit (Gigabyte)
- GeForce GT440 1024MB GDDR5 128bit (PNY, G108 chip)
- GeForce GT630 2048MB GDDR3 128bit (Palit, G108 chip)
- GeForce GT630 1024MB GDDR3 64bit (Palit, Kepler chip)
- GeForce GT730 2048MB GDDR3 64bit (Palit, Kepler chip)
For the first five video cards, driver version 331.82 was used, for the last two - 364.51.
The 9800GT Green 512MB and 9800GT 1024MB, GT440 1024MB (G108) and GT630 2048MB (G108) made friends without any problems, they also worked in a pair of GT630 1024MB (Kepler) and GT730 2048MB (Kepler).
To check the performance, the benchmarks Unigine Tropics 1.3 and Unigine Heaven 4.0 were launched with the "thermometer" of SLI activity activated in the driver settings.
But the 9800GT + GT240, GT240 + GT440/GT630 and GT630 (G108) + GT630 (Kepler) refused to work - when trying to enable SLI in the driver settings, the computer hung or threw it into a BSOD.
Another caveat - a video card with less memory must be installed in the main PCI-E slot. It is also worth remembering that only an overlapping amount of RAM will be used on 3D accelerators - at 1024MB and 2048MB, only 1024MB will be available for games on the cards.
dxpc.ru
How to enable SLI anti-aliasing
How to enable SLI anti-aliasing mode: |
| Step 1. Open the NVIDIA Control Panel by right-clicking on the desktop and selecting "NVIDIA Control Panel" |
| Step 2. Select "3D Settings" |
| Step 3: Select "Manage 3D Preferences" |
 |
Step 4. Click on "Anti-Aliasing Settings" and select the mode you need. |
 |
| Step 5. Click "Apply". SLI anti-aliasing enabled! |
Remember, when using one of the anti-aliasing modes, the SLI performance mode will not be active. Both modes cannot be used at the same time. |
www.nvidia.ru
SLI mode with two GeForce GTX 260 video cards… setup, performance testing.
Introduction. In view of the fact that NVIDIA allowed Intel to organize SLI mode on motherboards with the Intel X58 chipset, it increased the popularity of video cards from this manufacturer. Let me remind you that earlier I had to resort to modifying drivers in order to activate the SLI mode on motherboards with Intel chipsets, which are quite popular lately.
In this review, I decided to present you the level of performance achieved when installing two GeForce GTX 260 video cards. At the moment, this series is the best choice for organizing SLI mode.
Test participants.
The test participants are two XFX GeForce GTX 260 XXX video cards, which we have been considering for quite a long time and you can get acquainted with a detailed review on our portal. Here I consider to recall the specifications of the video card: -GPU: GeForce GTX 260 -Interface: PCI-Express x16 -ROPs/Shaders frequencies: 576/1242 MHz -Memory frequencies (physical (effective)): 1000 (2000) MHz - Bus width memory exchange: 448bit - Number of universal processors: 192 - Number of texture processors: 80 (BLF/TLF) - Number of ROPs: 32 - Dimensions: 270x100x33 mm (the last value is the maximum thickness of the video card). - Output sockets: 2xDVI (Dual-Link/HDMI), TV-out.
Multiprocessor support: SLI (Hardware), 3-Way SLI
"XXX" in the name of the video card means increased frequencies relative to the nominal ones and are: 1. The core frequency is 640 Mhz.
2. Memory frequency 2300 Mhz.
Overclocking results.
It was decided to overclock video cards and evaluate the performance gain from overclocking when using two video cards. These video cards agreed to operate at the following frequency: 1. Core 732 Mhz. 2. From memory 1233 Mhz. 3. According to the shader unit 1560 Mhz.
It was decided to set the same stable frequencies for each video card, otherwise this increases the risk of friezes during the game.
Setting SLI mode.
First of all, on video cards we find ports for SLI mode.
We open them and try on the cables, so that after installing the video card it does not "swarm" there for a long time.
After assembling the system, install the drivers. Then, through the control panel, go to the video card driver settings and enable SLI mode, as shown in the screenshot. That's all - you can enjoy all the benefits of SLI mode.
Test configuration. 1. Core I7 920. 2. GA-X58-DQ6. 3. 2x2 Gb Samsung DDR-800 Original. Tests in which the system participated: 1. Crysis. 2. Call of Duty 4. 3. 3Dmark 06.
Evaluation of the results: 1. As you can see, this version of the SLI mode provides the highest performance. 2. Overclocking adds 20% performance boost.
2. Call of Duty 4.
Evaluation of results: 1. In this game, the performance is also the highest. 2. Performance gain from overclocking dropped to 11%.
Results evaluation: 1. Dual-core video cards from AMD HD4850X2 and HD4870X2 are selected ahead in the synthetic test.
2. The performance gain from overclocking is 16%.
Conclusion. Of course, the SLI mode of two GeForce GTX260 video cards looks very tempting. But do not forget in testing, I used video cards already with factory overclocking, and in order to achieve confident leadership, even they had to be overclocked to the frequencies indicated above. The cost of a set of two video cards is: 260*2=520$.
Considering the cost, you shouldn't miss out on dual-chip video cards from AMD, which show good results.
The article was prepared by FireAiD specifically for Mega Obzor.
www.megaobzor.com
SLI, windows 7
- For multi-processor video cards, such as the GeForce 7950 GX2, 9800 GX2, GTX 295, each of the GPUs has its own amount of video memory and it is not combined with the memory of another processor. Only half of the 3D volume declared for the entire map is available to applications - the memory of the second GPU duplicates the data for multiprocessor SLI rendering. A definite exception to the rule are some CUDA applications (OpenCL, DirectCompute), which, when the MultiGPU mode is disabled in the driver panel, can use the video memory of each GPU regardless of the memory of the other, thus loading the full amount of memory on the video card.
- In Windows Vista and newer operating systems, the mechanism for determining the amount of video memory has been changed. Instead of reporting the video card driver/BIOS, the operating system itself calculates the amount of video memory when using a video card driver that is compatible with the WDDM architecture. Regardless of the amount of video memory on the video card, a certain amount of RAM is added to it according to the formula:
(RAM - 512) / 2, Mb
"Excessive" video memory is allocated from RAM only for the time of immediate need for it. All applications, including many system ones, are reported as the amount of video memory on the video card, fixed for the video card RAM (for integrated / mobile solutions) and added according to the formula above the RAM. To determine the amount of memory on the video card, the application must use the new DirectX 10 calls (Performance Information and Tools control panel applet) or direct hardware access (RivaTuner). For applications that use older versions of DirectX, there is no programmatic way to determine the physical amount of video memory in a given operating system.
- On windows Vista and 7 operating systems, the NVIDIA driver limits the total amount of video memory that is reported to applications through legacy DirectX interfaces to avoid errors in processing large values. When using graphics cards with a large buffer (such as Quadro), this behavior can also limit the amount of physical video memory available to applications. To disable this driver behavior, enable the "Maximum memory" option in the TAG Memory Tool, however, some programs may stop working.
- For integrated graphics processors and graphics cards with Turbo Cache technology with 64 MB or less local video memory, the driver always reports the maximum possible amount of memory, taking into account the use of system memory. Determining the actual amount of video memory installed on a video card with Turbo Cache technology with a local video memory of 64 MB or less is possible only with the help of low-level utilities such as RivaTuner.
- When determining the available amount of video memory through DirectX calls, it is quite difficult to allocate the local memory of the video card from the total amount along with the AGP aperture or the system memory added using Turbo Cache technology. Such errors in determining the amount of video memory are typical for most games.
- The algorithm for determining the amount of video memory in the dialog for displaying computer performance in windows Vista and 7 does not work correctly for video cards with a non-standard amount of video memory. Thus, a GeForce 8800 GTS with 640 MB of video memory will be defined as having 512 MB of video memory, and an 8800 GTS with 320 MB of video memory as having 256 or 384 MB. This is an officially recognized error.
- If you bought a video card from your hands, then you could become a victim of scammers. The amount of memory string displayed by the videoBIOS when the computer is turned on can be easily faked by editing the BIOS, while the driver determines the true amount.
- There were cases when this was observed with video cards that physically (chips) had the declared volume. In addition to cases of marriage in the layout of the board, a number of victims noted that with a different version of the driver, the full volume was recognized. Presumably, the driver reinitializes the video card at system boot by doing some kind of memory test. Try lowering the operating frequencies of the video memory using RivaTuner or install additional cooling for the video card memory (heatsinks for chips). Try other driver versions. If possible, update the graphics card's BIOS.
- Insufficient card power level can also cause this problem. This is especially true for cards based on GeForce 2, GeForce 2 MX and GeForce 4 MX chips, which use video memory with +3.3V internal circuit supply voltage. In many of these cards, the memory is powered directly from the power lines in the AGP connector. If the power supply or stabilizer on the motherboard "sinks" at + 3.3V, the memory may no longer be detected.
CUDA, DirectX, GeForce 2, GeForce 2 MX, GeForce 4 MX, GeForce 7950 GX2, GeForce 8800 GTS, GeForce 9800 GX2, GeForce GTX 295, RivaTuner, SLI, TAG Memory Tool, Turbo Cache, VRAM, windows 7, windows Vista, video memory, driver, power supply
- Check that the video card is firmly seated in the bus slot and that the connector is fully seated in the slot. Check the video card connector and motherboard bus slot for mechanical damage.
- You should pay attention to the number of PCI Express lines supported by the motherboard chipset and to the configuration of PCIE x16 slots on a particular motherboard instance. First of all, most chipsets do not support a sufficient number of channels to implement two, and even more so three or four full-fledged x16 slots. 16 lines (channels) of the bus are usually allocated only to the first slot, the rest get a smaller number (x8 or x4). Therefore, you should install the video card in the x16 bus slot closest to the CPU. Or, when installing a second video card, the lines are redistributed from the first bus slot to the second, and both start working in x8 mode (this mode is typical for SLI configurations). A number of entry-level chipsets, such as Intel 910/915GL, 945/946GZ and NVIDIA nForce 405/400, in principle, do not support a sufficient number of lanes for a PCI Express x16 slot, however, motherboard manufacturers on these chipsets sometimes implement such a slot, but physically it has a small number of lines.
- Another reason for reducing the bus width may be an erroneous inclusion in the BIOS Setup of the motherboard of options that control the number of lines (channels) in the bus slots. These options usually look like "PEG Force X1" or "PCI-E Lanes". See your motherboard documentation for information on the meaning and disabling of these options.
- On laptops, PowerMizer technology can change the number of active lanes on the PCI Express bus as a measure to reduce graphics card power consumption. For information about PowerMizer, please refer to the dedicated FAQ.
- One of the possible reasons for the reduction in bus width may be the PCI Express bus power management system that appeared in windows Vista and windows 7. In the windows control panel, go to power management and edit the advanced settings of the selected power plan by setting the Link State Power Management option to off.
In general, reducing the number of lines to x8 has little effect on the performance of video cards, except for dual-processor solutions, but with a bus width of x2 or x1, even low-end cards are very slow.
BIOS, Intel, nForce 400, nForce 405, PCI Express, PowerMizer, SLI, windows 7, windows Vista, laptops
- If the game crashes with a blue screen with an error in nv4_disp.dll, update the NVIDIA driver to the latest official version. You should not force FSAA and AF from the driver panel or RivaTuner, enable these functions only from the settings of the game itself. When using a video card based on GeForce 8X00 or newer, do not use full-screen anti-aliasing above 2x. If all else fails, try setting your game to use OpenGL. To do this, either run the Launcher.exe application with the -opengl key, or in the config.wtf file in the WTF subfolder of the game folder in the SET gxApi line, replace the direct3d value with opengl
- Systems with GeForce 4 MX based graphics cards may experience severe graphical corruption caused by poor performance of the geometry block of this GPU. You can turn off some of the acceleration features by creating or modifying a SET M2UseShaders line with a value of 0 in the config.wtf file. If that's not enough, you can have the game do all the geometry calculations programmatically. To do this, run the Launcher.exe application with the -swtnl switch. Forum members report that this can also help with issues with GeForce FX 5200 and GeForce 2 graphics cards. On systems with other graphics cards, try setting the game to use OpenGL as described above. You can also try to run the game in a window, to do this, run the Launcher.exe application with the -windowed key
- Slow performance on SLI systems may be due to problems with the game's interface. It is recommended to turn off vertical synchronization (V-sync), turn on hardware acceleration of the mouse cursor and turn off smoothing of mouse movements (smooth) in the game settings. An additional effect can be obtained by disabling interface acceleration (panels and menus). To do this, in the config.wtf file, create or modify the Set UIFaster line. Try line values of 2 or 0. In windows Vista, performance drops dramatically when running a game in a window.
- If character portraits disappear in SLI mode, update the NVIDIA driver to version 93.71 or newer.
- Enabling the Glow effect in the game settings prevents the game from using high levels of FSAA.
- Poor performance with modern versions of the NVIDIA driver is often caused by the game's UI scaling feature being enabled. Try turning off the "Use UI Scale" option in the game settings.
- On a system that supports DirectX 11 (windows 7 or Vista with an update and a video card based on NVIDIA GTX 400 or newer) and the Cataclysm add-on installed, you can increase the FPS in the game by enabling Direct3D 11 rendering, for which the config.wtf file in the WTF subfolder of the game folder in line SET gxApi replace direct3d with d3d11
BSOD, DirectX, FPS, FSAA, GeForce 2, GeForce 4 MX, GeForce FX 5200, OpenGL, SLI, Vsync, windows 7, windows Vista, World of Warcraft, artifacts, driver, games, anti-aliasing
No. SLI support is available in NVIDIA drivers for windows XP, Vista, 7 (32- and 64-bit versions), 2003/2008 Server (32- and 64-bit versions, except for Itanium platform), Linux with kernel version 2.4.7 and above, Solaris x86. On other systems or when using non-NVIDIA drivers (nv, nouveau, snap), the SLI bundle will work as two separate video cards.
Linux, MacOS, SLI, windows 7, windows 9x, windows NT4, windows Server, windows Vista, windows XP, driver
nvworld.ru
SLI mode and solutions to problems associated with this mode
Hello, today we will talk about Nvidia video cards working in SLI mode, namely about their problems and how to solve them, but first we will figure out what SLI mode is. Nvidia SLI is a technology that allows you to use multiple video cards at the same time and at the same time significantly increase system performance. One of the main requirements is to use the same GPU on the used graphics cards. More detailed requirements for building a computer that will work with this technology will be listed below.
- The motherboard must have two or more connectors that support this technology;
- A good PSU that can power our system (SLI-Ready units are recommended);
- Video cards that support this technology;
- A bridge that can connect video cards;
- A processor with a high clock speed that can unleash the potential of video cards so that there is no drop in frame rate and performance in general.
From the above, it turns out that building NVIDIA SLI is not something unattainable, but on the contrary, it practically does not differ from building a regular home computer.
Problems
Well, the information was presented above, why SLI is needed, its advantages, and now let's move on to the problems and their solutions.
- The first problem is the dependence on drivers, drivers need to be updated very often, since serious changes are made and optimizations for specific games or applications are released;
- The second problem is that not all games/applications support this technology and in some games/applications it is necessary to force several of your video cards to work;
- The third problem of this technology is in the same updates, since with each driver update it is necessary to carry out some manipulations in order for all video cards to work, and this is not always convenient and not all owners of this technology are ready to “rummage through” the settings and deal with their problems.
Problem solving:
- The first problem is solved quite simply. We download the utility from the official NVIDIA GeForce Experience website, register to use this program, log into our account, and click the "Check for Updates" mouse button. If there is a more recent driver, it will be downloaded and you will be prompted to install it.
- The second problem is not always solvable, since not all application manufacturers optimize their applications for this technology, but you can still try to fix performance problems with some simple manipulations in the settings of the driver itself for your SLI system.
Below I will give you an example of setting up The Sims 2 game, which is not optimized for SLI by default.
Open the "Nvidia Control Panel" - manage 3D settings - program settings and click on the "Add" button - specify the path to the file that launches our game - look at the second section "Specify settings for this program" - SLI rendering mode, if any " Nvidia recommends (SLI)", then select this item, if not, then select "Perform alternative framing 2".
We still need to configure power management, and for this we go to "Power management mode" and select the item "Maximum performance mode is preferred".
The last item we will have is the “CUDA - GPUs” setting in this setting, absolutely all of your video cards that you want to use in this application should be checked.
- The third problem is solved quite simply, but it appears every time we update the driver and it takes a few clicks to fix it. Since we have not exited the Nvidia control panel yet, we need to click on the "Setting SLI, Surround, PhysX" tab and click on "Update settings" then on the "Apply" button and this problem will be solved.
Hello question!I bought two video cards GeForce GTX 1070 at 38 thousand each and installed them in my computer in a bunch of SLI, but the results are intests in Futuremark 3DMark show that the performance (compared to a single video card) increased by only 10-15%, and I expected at least 50%. Also, in modern games, two vidyuhi did not increase my FPS, and in some (in particular FAR CRY PRIMAL) even downgraded. It turns out that it would be better if I bought not two, but one video card for this moneyGeForce GTX 1080 or even GeForce GTX 1080 Ti. And so I threw money away. Please don't repeat my mistake. And yet, few people know that not all NVIDIA video cards of the tenth series can work in bridge mode (SLI), for example, the GeForce GTX 1050 and GTX 1060 cannot, also GTX 1070 cannot be paired with GTX 1080 . Please tell us about it on your website.
Why installing two video cards in a computer in a bundle of SLI or CrossFireX in most cases does not make sense. Or why video card manufacturers will never bring SLI and CrossFireX technologies to their senses!
Hello! Almost all users who like to chop into various toys have probably thought or heard about the fact that two or more video cards can be installed in the system to combine their power. Actually, the technology of combining two or more graphics processors for processing a three-dimensional image, presented by Nvidia, is called SLI (scalable link interface, Rus. scalable communication interface). AMD's counterpart is called CrossFireX. What are the pros and cons of each technology, is it worth using these technologies, how do they work This is what I will tell you today.
- And most importantly, I will tell you why video card manufacturers do not benefit from SLI or CrossFireX technologies increasing the performance of the computer's graphics system by 100%.
So let's start with the green ones (Nvidia). In order to put a bundle in your SLI system, you will need 2+ video cards of the same series and the same model. Unlike the red ones (AMD) (which we'll talk about in a bit), GPUs are more finicky in this regard. If older lines of cards allowed absolutely any models to be combined into a bridge (the main thing is that they be the same), then in the last tenth line everything changed. You can only build a bridge with GTX 1070, 1080 and 1080Ti. What this is connected with personally remains a mystery to me, but, unfortunately, now only these models can be combined. As for the titans, I can not give any information.
(Two GTX 1080 Ti graphics cards connected by an SLI bridge)
As for the reds, they have both advantages over greens and disadvantages. The main plus is that absolutely any models can be combined, the main condition is that the combined video cards be built on the same architecture. For example, AMD allows you to pair RX 460 and RX 470. But putting the GTX 1070 and GTX 1080 in a bunch will no longer work. Well, the main disadvantage of CrossFireX is the performance gain. The increase in power when using direct competitor cards for reds is much lower than for greens. And the optimization in most games that support bundles of video cards is much worse for AMD. Yes, not all games support SLI and CrossFireX. As for the secondary manufacturer of video cards, it does not matter at all. That is, if you have two GTX 970s, one from MSI and the other from Palit, then this will not affect the result in any way. This rule applies to both Nvidia and AMD graphics cards.
To build a system based on SLI and CrossfireX, you will need:
1. A motherboard with two or more PCI-express x16 slots that supports this technology. Not all mothers that have two or more video card slots support a bunch of video cards! There is always a corresponding marking on the motherboard itself, it is written on the manufacturer's website about this, and it is also always indicated in the attached instructions. Remember that if you don't need a motherboard that supports SLI and CrossFireX, then choose the appropriate board, as you always overpay for the fact that the mother is equipped with support for video card communication.
2. Powerful power supply. Two video cards = high power consumption. Recommended unit from 550 watts.
3. The video cards themselves support these technologies.
4. Bridge connecting video cards. As far as I know, AMD allows you to combine cards without using this bridge, that is, with the help of software. However, in this case, the performance loss will be about 15-20% than if you used a bridge.
In my opinion, building a system based on these technologies is not worth it. But it’s not worth it, because it’s better to buy one more powerful video card than two, but weaker ones. For example, two GTX 1070s will be weaker than one GTX 1080. And all because these technologies have very poor optimization for games and other resource-intensive applications, green ones are certainly better than red ones, but still bad. The performance gain, as you might think, will not be 100% of the use of the second GPU. At best, it will be 40-50%. And then, in the vast majority, it will be equal to 15-25%. That is, the question of the appropriateness of such a purchase remains open in terms of price / performance. Installing such a system makes sense only if the power of the top-end video card at the moment is not enough for you. And this happens only in very highly specialized cases. For example, to achieve a stable number of frames per second on a 144Hz monitor in very heavy games. In light games, the top 1080Ti easily copes with this task. Or if you want to play in high definition - 4 or 8k.
Also, do not forget about the video memory. If you combine two video cards with different amounts of memory, then only the memory that is smaller in size is used. For example, you put RX 480 with 4gb and RX48 with 8 gb. As you might think, 12 gigabytes of video memory will be available to you. Unfortunately, this is not so. Only 4 gigs will be available. If you have two identical video cards, but operating at different frequencies, then in this case both of them will also operate at a lower frequency. That is, for example, one works at 1544Hz, the other at 1622Hz, both will work at 1544Hz. In the future, with a full transition to DirectX 12, we are promised full optimization and full use of all the resources of the combined video cards. That is, there will be a 100% increase in power and a complete summation of the available video memory. But this is all a promise, but in reality we have what we have. Of course, there are such interesting game projects where we can get both 70% and 80% performance gains, but, unfortunately, there are very few of them and they are rather an exception to the rule. As I like to repeat, it is ultimately up to you to decide, but I have long decided for myself that at the moment SLI and CrossFireX are extremely inappropriate!
Why graphics card manufacturers will never bring SLI and CrossFireX technologies to mind and why a second video card will never add 100% performance to your computer's graphics system
The answer is very simple. Imagine the situation. You bought a computer with a powerful video card, and after a couple of years, its power was not enough for you. You went to a store or aftermarket and bought a cheap second of these graphics cards and added 100% performance to your computer's graphics system. But this will never happen! It is unprofitable for the manufacturer, but it is beneficial that you always buy a new product and at an expensive price. That's the whole secret. That's all, see you soon!
Extensiveness and intensity are the two key concepts of the development of human progress. Extensive and intensive ways of development of society, technology, and the whole of humanity as a whole have replaced each other for many centuries. There are many examples of this in all spheres of economic activity. But agriculture and cattle breeding are not of interest to us today, we are interested in information technology and computers. For example, let's take a quick look at the development of central processing units.
Let's not delve into the distant 80-90s, let's start right away with the Pentium 4. After a long intensive development of NetBurst technology, an increase in "steroid" megahertz, the industry ran into a wall - further "overclocking" single-core processors turned out to be very difficult and, in order to get more more powerful processor, higher costs are needed. And then there were dual-core processors - an extensive solution to the problem. Soon they stopped providing the desired performance, and a new Core architecture appeared, which at lower clock speeds gives greater performance - an intensive solution to the problem. And so it will continue.
And what happens with the development of the second component, which is important for a fan of spectacular games on a PC - a video card? And the same thing happens as with processors. At this stage of development, single-chip video cards can no longer provide the required performance. Therefore, both leading companies in the video card market (NVIDIA and AMD) are developing and actively implementing their own technologies to increase the performance of a video system by combining two, three, and even four video cards in one PC. In this article, we will look at the first company (since it was the first company to present its development) NVIDIA and its SLI technology.
What is SLI technology?
NVIDIA SLI technology is a revolutionary approach to scaling graphics performance by combining multiple NVIDIA graphics cards in a single system.
History
In 1998, 3dfx introduced the Voodoo2 graphics processor, which, among other innovations, included SLI (Scan Line Interleave) technology, which involved two Voodoo2 chips working together to form an image. Even cards from different manufacturers, as well as cards with different memory sizes, could work with SLI technology. The SLI system allowed for resolutions up to 1024x768, which at the time seemed unbelievable. The disadvantages of SLI from 3dfx were the high cost of accelerators ($600) and high heat dissipation. However, soon video cards are moving from the PCI bus to a faster dedicated AGP graphics port. Since there was only one port on motherboards, the release of video cards with SLI support stopped for a while.
In 2000, with the release of the new VSA-100 chip, 3dfx managed to implement SLI on AGP, but this time within a single board that housed two or four such chips.
However, boards based on the SLI system had a high power consumption and failed due to power supply problems. About 200 pieces of Voodoo5 6000 boards were sold all over the world, and only 100 of them turned out to be really working. Such an unsuccessful promotion of a promising accelerator, in which very large funds were invested, led to the company's bankruptcy. In 2001, NVIDIA buys 3dfx for $110 million.
In 2004, with the release of the first solutions based on the new PCI Express bus, NVIDIA announces support in its products for the SLI multi-chip data processing technology, which stands for a different name - Scalable Link Interface (scalable interface).
At first, the advancement of SLI technology did not go very smoothly, primarily due to constantly detected flaws in drivers, and also because of the need to “sharpen” them for each specific application, otherwise the player would not get any benefit from buying a pair of accelerators. But generations of accelerators changed, drivers were improved, the list of supported games expanded. And so, at the end of 2007, Triple SLI technology was put into operation, which allows combining 3 NVIDIA video cards in a bundle:
The manufacturer promises a performance increase of up to 250% compared to a single chip. But this did not become the limit, now Quad SLI is next in line, which allows you to force 4 GPUs to work on the visualization of the game scene, however, as part of a pair of dual-chip video cards.
Imaging algorithms
Split Frame Rendering
Scheme of the Split Frame Rendering Algorithm
This is a frequently used mode when the image is divided into several parts, the number of which corresponds to the number of video cards in the bundle. Each part of the image is processed by one video card completely, including the geometric and pixel components. ( Analogue in CrossFire - Scissor algorithm)
The Split Frame Rendering algorithm is easily scalable to 3, 4, and possibly more GPUs in the future.
Alternate Frame Rendering
Diagram of the Alternate Frame Rendering Algorithm
Frame processing occurs in turn: one video card processes only even frames, and the second - only odd ones. However, this algorithm has a drawback. The fact is that one frame can be simple, and the other difficult to process. In addition, this algorithm was patented by ATI during the release of a two-chip video card.
The Quad SLI technology also uses a hybrid mode that combines SFR and AFR.
SLI AA (Anti Aliasing), SLI FSAA (Full Scene Anti Aliasing)
This algorithm is aimed at improving the image quality. The same image is generated on all video cards with different anti-aliasing patterns. The video card performs frame smoothing with a certain step relative to the image of another video card. The resulting images are then mixed and output. Thus, maximum clarity and detail of the image is achieved. The following anti-aliasing modes are available: 8x, 10x, 12x, 14x, 16x and 32x. ( Analog in CrossFire - SuperAA)
Construction principles
To build a computer based on SLI, you must have:
- a motherboard with two or more PCI Express slots that supports SLI technology (as a rule, the name of the motherboard contains the word SLI).
- Sufficiently powerful power supply (usually recommended from 550 W);
- GeForce 6/7/8/9/GTX or Quadro FX video cards with PCI Express bus;
- bridge connecting video cards.
At the same time, we note that chipsets for working with SLI are supported by software, not by hardware. But video cards must belong to the same class, while the BIOS version of the cards and their manufacturer do not matter.
Currently, SLI technology is supported by the following operating systems:
- Windows XP 32-bit
- Windows XP 64-bit
- Windows Vista 32-bit
- Windows Vista 64-bit
- Linux 32-bit
- Linux 64-bit (AMD-64/EM64T)
An SLI system can be organized in two ways:
- With the help of a special bridge;
- Programmatically.
In the latter case, the load on the PCIe bus increases, which has a bad effect on performance, so this method is not widely used. This regime can be used only with relatively weak accelerators.
If the SLI bridge is not installed, then the driver issues a warning that the SLI mode will not work to its full potential.
For example, this is how a special bridge for connecting video cards may look like if it is made on PCB. In addition, flexible bridges are now widespread, as they are cheaper to manufacture. But to activate the 3-Way SLI technology, only a special hard bridge is used so far, which actually accommodates three ordinary ones in the "ring" mode.
As mentioned above, the Quad SLI system is also being popularized. It involves combining two dual-chip boards into a single system. Thus, it turns out that 4 chips are involved in the construction of the image, but this is still the lot of avid enthusiasts and has no practical significance for ordinary users.
For a simple user, something else is important, for the sake of which this technology was actually conceived. Buying an SLI-enabled motherboard is a good way to upgrade your PC in the future, as it gives you the option to add another graphics card. No other way to “upgrade” other than a complete system change comes close to the increase in gaming performance that a second video card provides.
It looks like this. You are buying a good PC with a good modern graphics card. You can easily play modern games, but after a year and a half, your system can no longer satisfy you with image quality and speed in the latest games. Then, instead of replacing the old video card (or even the entire PC), you simply add another one and get almost double the power of the video system.
However, everything sounds so simple in theory. But in practice, the user will have to face many difficulties.
The first is the games and applications themselves. No one has yet come up with a cure for the terrible word "optimization" - yes, not only drivers, but also games must be optimized for SLI technology in order to work correctly with it. NVIDIA states that SLI technology supports " longest list of games ». If the game you are interested in is not listed, the company offers to create your own settings profile for it.
Unfortunately, there are still a lot of games that are not SLI compatible, and creating a profile does nothing to fix this. There is only one way out - to wait for patches from game developers and new drivers from NVIDIA. However, these games mainly include old ones, which even a single modern video card can handle without problems, or little popular ones, which the vast majority of players are not interested in due to poor “playability”. But new powerful games already provide for the use of two video cards in advance. For example, in the game Call of Duty 4 in the graphics settings section there is a very specific switch.
You can find out about the inclusion of the SLI function by special indicators right in the game, with the appropriate "test" setting of the driver.
If you see horizontal or vertical green bars on your monitor screen, it means that Show SLI Visual Indicators is enabled in the NVIDIA Display Control Panel. When this option is enabled, you can see how the graphics load is distributed on the GPU, and the names of the SLI components in your system will be changed: SLI for two GPUs will be called “SLI”, the name of 3-way NVIDIA SLI will be changed to “SLI x3”, and Quad SLI will be called "Quad SLI". For games rendered using Alternate Frame Rendering (AFR), the vertical green bar will grow or shrink depending on the expansion scale. For games rendered using Split-Frame Rendering (SFR), the horizontal green bar will rise and fall to show how the load is being distributed across all GPUs. If the detail level of the top and bottom half of the screen is the same, then the horizontal bar will be close to the middle. To enable or disable this feature, simply open the NVIDIA Control Panel and select 3D Settings.
The second common problem with multi-GPU computing is the synchronization of the latter. As mentioned above, the AFR rendering method has one peculiarity: one frame can be simple, while the other is difficult to process. With a large difference in the complexity of processing a frame, one video card can process it much faster than the second. This leads to "micro-lag" - small delays in the image, like jerks, but at the same time the total number of FPS looks comfortable. This effect appears quite rarely, but even the developers do not know how to deal with it. There is a simple way out for the user - in games where "micro-lags" with the AFR method are observed, switch to the SFR method by specifying it in the game profile.
In SFR mode, the display is divided into two parts. The first card gives the top of the picture, and the second - the bottom. With dynamic load balancing, the driver evenly distributes the load between the two cards.
The third problem is the processor. The fact is that when using several video adapters, the load on the processor increases not only due to the use of heavy graphics modes, but also due to the synchronization of video chips. Therefore, in order to unleash the full potential of a bundle of several video cards, you need a powerful processor. Although today it is no longer such an acute issue as it was a couple of years ago.
Additional features of the new technology
The new generation of motherboards and graphics cards with SLI support provide users with much more features than the usual 3D graphics acceleration.
Hybrid SLI provides for a more rational use of the mode of sharing the graphics core built into the chipset and a discrete graphics card.
The technology consists of two parts: GeForce Boost And hybrid power.
The first will be used in applications that work intensively with 3D graphics. With GeForce Boost, part of the 3D scene calculations will be taken over by the accelerator integrated into the system logic set, which will give a noticeable performance boost to those systems where a not the fastest discrete adapter is installed, for example, the GeForce 8500 GT or GeForce 8400 GS.
HybridPower, on the contrary, will allow the use of integrated graphics, turning off the external accelerator when the user is browsing the Internet, office applications or watching videos. The biggest beneficiaries, according to NVIDIA, of this technology will be owners of laptops with a dedicated graphics card, whose battery life will noticeably increase.
Hybrid SLI is currently supported by: GeForce 8500 GT and GeForce 8400 GS desktop GPUs for GeForce Boost; productive GeForce GTX 280, GeForce 9800 GX2, GeForce GTX 260, GeForce 9800 GTX+, GeForce 9800 GTX and GeForce 9800 GT in HybridPower mode; as well as motherboards for AMD processors based on nForce 780a, nForce 750a, nForce 730a (GeForce Boost only) with integrated GeForce 8200 graphics accelerator.
As you can see, energy savings can reach impressive values.
A very useful feature for overclockers as well, since in addition to saving electricity, it allows the main video card to "rest" at the time of inactivity and extend its service life, especially if extreme overclocking is used.
Another useful additional feature of the SLI-bundle is the ability to use up to 4 monitors simultaneously.
Practical use
We have repeatedly tested various video cards in SLI mode. Let's try to summarize the information received a little.
In preparing the article, information was used from the official NVIDIA website and the free encyclopedia Wikipedia.
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