Military radio station of the USSR. Army tactical radios

08.01.2021

Browsers

Portable radios provide the foundation on which tactical interconnected Internet networks are based

The Command and Control Network (RSBU) radio has become the dismounted user 's workhorse since the migration of tactical mobile radios from vehicles to humans. When operating in platoon, squad, crew and fire brigades, everywhere RAS provide feedback with higher command and neighboring units using very high frequencies (VHF), as well as over-the-horizon communication channels through the use of high frequency (HF) and military satellite communications MILSATCOM ...

The need for RAS, which makes it possible to digitize military formations, remains high and is constantly growing. When the first brigade combat groups equipped with STRYKER APCs were deployed in Iraq in 2003, they had a total of 1,200 SINCGARS radios, 78 PRC-150HF and 26 PSC-5C radios in addition to other radios. Since then, the need for additional communications in these and other units has also increased dramatically. The US Marine Corps, for example, has announced plans to increase the number of handheld radios alone at battalion level to 25 PRC-117F (VRC-103 variant to 20) and 33 PRC-150HF.

Handheld radios have transmission ranges and capabilities that far exceed those of smaller "handheld" radios. Although the first standard devices were large, heavy and cumbersome, nevertheless, they were the first "magic wand" for any military man looking for how to improve the capabilities of C4I (command, control, communications, computers and intelligence - command, control, communications, information gathering and computers) of their dismounted forces.

Frequency selection

It may be useful from this point of view to briefly recall that very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range 30-300 MHz. Frequencies immediately below VHF are designated as high frequency (HF), and the next higher altitudes are ultra high frequencies (UHF) (300-3000 MHz range). Typically the VHF band is used for FM radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, ground mobile stations, maritime communications, air traffic control and air navigation systems (in particular omnidirectional beacons). HF band is very popular with radio operators, its advantage is manifested when using direct long-range (often intercontinental) communication systems.

On the portable level, VHF still dominates. This range provides a communication range of about 8 km between two soldiers on patrol. But it is still determined by the curvature of the earth's surface; if each soldier lies on the ground, then the range will drop. Such a modest range is good for communication systems within and between platoons, when there is no need to raise the altitude to solve emerging problems. Good signal transmission at these frequencies and wide channel capabilities also increase efficiency, and the emergence of strong encryption techniques has forced the military to adopt VHF.

In the future, the creation of a mobile ad-hoc network, especially in the UHF band, where data throughput is higher, threatens the dominant position of VHF at lower levels, as it combines extended range and superior transmission performance in an interference-filled space. Despite this, the small number of VHF radios deployed and the limited frequencies available to the military today mean that this class of radios will remain in place for many applications.

Very high frequencies (VHF)

Kongsberg's MRR (Multi-Role Radio) was originally developed for its home market, but sales expanded outside Germany; Hungary chose it back in 2002 and became the first foreign buyer, followed by other countries around the world. This was particularly the case when this radio was not made in the US and thus did not fall under US international trade rules, which is a positive benefit for countries looking to get the capabilities of modern digital VHF radios.

The MRR operates in the 30-88 MHz range on 2320 channels and has an output power of up to 5 watts. Protective electronic measures include proprietary fixed frequency NBDS (Narrow Band Direct Sequence) broadband, auto-routing multi-hop packet transmission, and multipath integration. The MRR's signal propagation is improved by using NBDS technology, which allows reception in very noisy environments. The communications are routed using packet radio at 19.2 kbps with forward error correction (FEC) in synchronous and asynchronous modes. Norway opted for an upgrade from 16CVSD to 2.4Kbps with MELP speech coding.

In FM mode, MRR is compatible with PRC-77 radio and NATO STANAG 4204 for backward compatibility. For integration with zone communications, a mobile connection to the SCRA (Single Channel Access Radio) network can be established using systems that use the military-modified enhanced X.25 protocol, although the company is currently migrating to IP-based protocols.

The first radio stations ITT SINCGARS (Single-Channel Ground-Air Radio System - a single-channel radio communication system for ground forces and aviation) were delivered in 1987 to a total of 33 countries. ITT recently announced that it has shipped its 350,000th radio station, while production is ongoing, increasing from 1,000 in February 2005 to 6,000 monthly to meet the needs of the United States. The USA is also purchasing a new modified SINCGARS as a standard model in order to install the new SIDEHAT add-on module. The first 31,000 radios capable of receiving the SIDEHAT module were ordered in October 2006 under a $ 240 million contract.

The newest American radio in the family is the Advanced Lightweight SINCGARS SIP (Advanced Lightweight SINCGARS SIP) or ASIP radio. It operates in the 30-88 MHz band and weighs 3.6 kg, offering robust communications and standard data mode up to 9.6 kbps (16 kbps enhanced). The radio is equipped with a BA5590 battery with a 33 hour operating time, and it is also equipped with a wired connector connected to the display of the radio's Control Unit.

ITT has begun a series of enhancements to SINCGARS including the addition of a 12-channel SAASM embedded GPS card to non-BOWMAN radios, and the use of geolocation features as a combat identification tool. Tadiran's Tall-Tech US subsidiary provides support for SINCGARS for the US Army, which received more than half of the $ 125 million contract first awarded in 2010.

The standard handheld radio in the BOWMAN family is the AN / PRC-355 Advanced Data Radio + (ADR +). It weighs 3.4 kg with battery and measures 185x88x234mm and complies with British DEF STAN 00-35 and DEF STAN 59-41 environmental and EMI / EMC standards respectively. The system also uses Rockwell Collins UK SAASM GPS chips to provide anti-jamming geolocation. In 16-watt dismounted mode, the PRC-355 can be converted to a local voice alarm system by adding a second battery pack and raised antenna.

The UK is committed to interoperability with the United States encrypted frequency hopping standards, is working towards a Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) radio waveform, and may also implement STANG 4204.

The BOWMAN PRC-354 is a subportable, handheld plus handheld radio designed for squad and fire group commanders. The radio with a battery weighs 1.2 kg and measures 44x94x194 mm. Like the ADR +, the PRC-354 operates over a temperature range of -40 ° C to +71 ° C. Britain is currently mulling options to upgrade the PRC-354 as part of a redesign program to improve ergonomics.

The BOWMAN program also created the CENTAUR product line, for which the components of the basic systems from ITT were taken and additional capabilities were added, for example, Combat Control Systems and the THESEUS communications control system from BAE Systems in order to produce an autonomous tactical communication system for export.

CENTAUR is ITT's second family of radios for export. The earlier Advanced Tactical Communications System (ATCS), released in 1996, was also widely marketed. It is a US export version of the SINCGARS ASIP with six frequency hopping presets and six six channel presets. The 3.6 kg radio with a standard BA-5590 battery also has a relay mode for automatic switching between voice and data.

ITT's BOWMAN plant in Basingstoke is responsible for the production of CENTAUR and ATCS class radios.

The CNR9000 High Data Rate from Tadiran Communications in the 30-108 MHz band is the latest addition to the company's VHF lineup. Establishes a data network using the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) standard with a frequency hopping waveform and secure data transmission characteristics of up to 115 Kb / s with a vocoder operating at 2.4 - 4.8 Kbps The Ethernet interface allows external management of the router functionality, network connection, and SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) management. The CNR-900 features wireless key remapping and zeroing with Windows-based management tools for frequencies, network management and frequency allocation. Cryptography can be customized for the user using SCIP with full on-line encryption and high security.

Terma offers the CNR-9000 under the designation RT8. Solutions have been formulated and are being implemented to meet the need for VHF radios to replace the Danish VRM-5080, this solution determines the number of approximately 3000-5000 radios.

Thales and the Romanian company Elprof continue to offer Racal's former PANTHER V-EDR radio, which operates in the 30-108 MHz band. It is described by the company as having the smallest portable EPM transceiver (electronically shielded). All PANTHER modes are hopping at 1000 hops per second using 256-channel hopping on eight guaranteed orthogonal networks plus a free channel seek mode. The radio has eight programmable networks. Unmodulated data transmission is 115 Kb / s over RS232 with 16 Kb / s asynchronous and synchronous data down to 9.6 Kb / s with FEC (Forward Error Correction). Each network has custom services allowing Selective Calling and Multiple Concurrent Access Radio Barring of up to 100 Selective FHS calls per network (frequency hopping call). The radio can be controlled remotely up to 4 km using a two-wire connection. It weighs 5.9 kg with a 32 hour battery, built-in GPS and is backward compatible with the older JAGUAR radio.

The most recent member of the Thales PR4G family is known as PR4G VS4-IP in France or [email protected] for export. The radio operates at frequencies 30–88 MHz and weighs 5 kg with a battery that provides 24 hours of operation; it has a built-in GPS system and a high electronic noise immunity protection at over 300 hops per second. The radio transmits voice data at a speed of 64 Kb / s, supporting the STANAGS 4479, 1200, 2400, 4198 and 4591 standards. A special IP protocol is the basis of the Tactical Internet of this radio station and [email protected] also supports simultaneous voice and data (SIVID). The RF signal power is up to 10 watts in dismounted mode.

PR4F / [email protected] was sold to 37 countries in the amount of 125,000 pieces. Poland is the most recent purchaser, PR4G is manufactured by the Polish company Radmor. In 2006 the company switched to production [email protected] for local consumers, its portable version, designated RCC9211, was purchased for deployment in Afghanistan. Spain is another country that has recently chosen [email protected], which will be produced by Amper Programas.

Through the acquisition of Titan, L-3 now offers the PRC2100V series of tactical radios with up to 10W transmit power in the 30-88 MHz range, FM, simplex and half-duplex voice transmission, 16Kbps data throughput, with an output interface RS232 and internal GPS.

The Harris FALCON II RF5800V-MP radio operates in the 30-108 MHz range. The encryption of this radio is based on the CITADEL ASIC protocol, which provides 128-bit digital data and voice encryption in conjunction with the patented QUICKLOOK frequency hopping protocol. Users can switch between the standard 16Kbps speed using a modulated modem; when the high-speed FSK modem is working, the speed increases to 64 Kb / s. Without batteries, the radio weighs 3.4 kg.

Radio station PRC-117G

A soldier from the British Army communications division operates a BOWMAN 325 HF portable radio station at a British base in Afghanistan. British forces in Afghanistan make extensive use of new BOWMAN radio station

High frequency

The emergence of high-capacity communication lines and the difficulty of establishing a communication channel have led the military to become interested in high frequencies (HF). Currently, the need for over-the-horizon communications at the patrol level and similar tasks have made the use of HF mandatory, and using the Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) mode. ALE is now well established and guarantees easy connectivity for non-experts, although the need for frequency hopping, secure ECCM communications and the limitation of available frequencies from 1.5-30 MHz mean that as a carrier, its bandwidth is limited.

While HF operation remains an area of \u200b\u200bwidespread use for portable radios in a dismounted role, the power requirements and the physical size of RF filters have made this range suitable for handheld applications. The first handheld HF 5W Thales TRC374 radio, which operated at 11-15 MHz at 3 km in the jungle, was an innovation that has not been repeated.

The Systemes 3000 or TRC 3700 HF radio from Thales is described by the manufacturer as programmable (SDR - Software-Defined Radio). The system weighs 3.7 kg and operates in the range of 1.5-30 MHz in 100 Hz steps and with an output power of up to 20 W. The radio is designed for seamless connectivity with VHF-PR4G messaging networks using IP routers; the radio station is part of the French program Melchior.

Codan has long been a supplier of police, peacekeepers and airborne relief services, and is now beginning to aggressively invade the military market with its 2110M model operating in the 1.6-30 MHz frequencies. More than just a green walkie-talkie, this radio offers anti-jamming frequency hopping and voice encryption over 600 channels across 20 broadcast networks. The radio is compliant with MIL-STD-188-141B ALE and FED-STD-1045 ALE and can also use Codan's advanced ALE (CALM - Codan Automatic Link Management). The radio has a built-in GPS receiver and meets MIL-STD-810F requirements for use in harsh environments, including submersion in one meter of water. It weighs only 2.6 kg and has a rechargeable battery for 50 hours of use. Considering the fact that HF \u200b\u200busers are often on long patrols or away from the main troops, it also has an emergency call button that transmits accurate GSP coordinates.

Q-Mac is another HF handheld radio manufacturer offering the HF-90M Ultralight, 2-30 MHz, 50W, 255 programmable channels in a portable version weighing only 4kg for the MX9000 ultra-light bag or 8kg for the standard version HF-90M with small dimensions 112x47x220 mm. The data functionality is controlled by an external field data terminal QM9080 FDT (Field Data Terminal), in which a GPS device is optionally installed. The radio performs encryption at five hops per second.

Barrett's 2040 HF handheld completes Australia's top three. For security, Barrett offers five hops per second and a ten-digit reconfigurable encryption key, it has the ability to establish up to 500 programmable channels with secure voice transmission using a narrowband voice encryption device. The 2040 radio weighs 6.4 kg including 1.2 kg battery.

Syntonics has developed the HTA SINCGARS antenna, which is a low profile antenna that helps protect military communications from enemy sniper identification

VS4-IP radio [email protected] is a member of the Thales PR4G family

Kongsberg MH300 is a handheld version of the MRR (Multi-Role Radio) series

Harris remains superior in HF with its FALCON II line. The American standard AN / PRC-150 (C) was approved by the NATO Military Committee in mid-2006 and is widely used in Afghanistan as an over-the-horizon patrol communications. 150 (C) provides NSA approved Type 1 encryption. It is a secure voice and data encryption that supports the scope of standard extended encryption. Also included in the cryptographic package is CITADEL's proprietary encryption, which is also part of the RF5800H-MP FALCON II export package, which allows PRC-150 (C) users to work with existing widespread RF5800H-MPs, such as in the Partnership for Peace exercise. The radio station supports high-speed data transfer up to 9.6 Kb / s and allows integration with the messaging mode through its software compatible with STANAG 5066; the radio also uses the STANAG 4358 3G ALE standard.

A feature of the AN / PRC-150 (C), which incorporates the BOWMAN experience, is the so-called "desperate attempt" of voice data transmission, allowing digital voice to pass through a very noisy environment for transmission at almost 75 bps. The radio is capable of maintaining a secure, interference-free communication using only the 600 bps MELP vocoder. Due to the fact that the radio transits the lower VHF frequency band, it can also offer safe FSK voice transmission using CVSD (Variable Slope Delta Modulation) at 16Kbps in VHF bands, linking into standard VHF combat radios.

The US quickly adopted AN / PRC-150 (C) as an alternative and complement to MILSATCOM throughout the army in connection with the ongoing operations in Afghanistan and Iraq; this standard has previously been largely limited to special operations forces and medical services. The US Department of Defense has awarded Harris a $ 104 million contract to manufacture AN / PRC-150 (C) radios for the US Army, the first phase of a five-year contract with a potential value of $ 422 million.

The export RF5800H-MP has the same dimensions as the PRC-150 (C); a truly American radio station based on successful export versions of 1.5 and 20 watts. Pakistan signed a second $ 76 million contract for FALCON II HF radios, following a $ 68 million order back in 2005.

Harris also manufactures the BOWMAN HF handheld transceiver under the designation PRC-325 for the British Army and the MPR9600 for export. The radio differs from the RF5800H-MP and AN / PRC-150 (C) models in that it skips the 30-60 MHz VHF frequencies and uses only its own PRITCHELL encryption, the absence of CITADEL auxiliary encryption for the English version, and also has a slightly lower weight of 4.5 kg. The radio is controlled by a new removable remote control unit, text messages can be sent to other radios through this unit.

Since 2006, all export products in the FALCON II HF line are now manufactured by Harris UK; the production of BOWMAN continues. The first buyers were the Spanish Armed Forces.

Datron's Tactical Handheld PRC4100H HF is a Programmable HF radio. A feature of the PRC4100 family is that the frequency range is determined by an additional module installed on the left side of the radio station, which allows the PRC4100 main unit to switch between multi-band additional modules VHF, HF and HF / VHF in accordance with the requirements of the combat mission. The PRC4100M 1.5-30 MHz HF version weighs 4.65 kg with a BA-5590 battery and is MIL-STD-81 OF compliant and supports high-frequency data transmission up to 9.6 Kb / s. The radio uses the MIL-STD-188-141B standard for ALE, it also has a built-in GPS.

L-3 also offers the PRC3150 HF 1.6-30 MHz radio weighing 3.4 kg without battery and with eight defined power levels from 5 to 20 watts.

Telefunken RACOM manufactures the upgraded HRM 7000 radio; the company describes it as programmable, supporting HF communication protocols - HRS 7000, MAHRS, STANAG 5066, 4285, 4539, 45438 and MIL-STD-188-110A with future software upgrades. The company also showed an HF surveillance radar using an 8Kbps link that is connected to a video camera using new compression algorithms from ED Research.

The Tadiran HF6000 High Data Rate 1.5-30 MHz or PRC-6020 transceiver is the successor to earlier radio stations in the product line, it has a data transfer rate of up to 9.6 Kb / s. It is compatible with STANAG 4285 and Mil-STD-188-110 standards and has the option of compatibility with STANAG 5066. In hopping mode, the speed drops to 4.8 Kb / s in MFSK (multilevel-frequency shift keying) mode only ... The radio can program up to 100 preformatted messages and up to 900 coded messages and has a weight of 3.9 kg with battery.

In South Africa, Saab Grintek launches the TR2000 and the newer TR2400 HF radios; both are part of the PHOENIX family with 25W output power. The TR2400 contains standard NATO protocols such as STANAG 5066 and MIL-STD-141ALE, and offers a Quick ALE solution that increases ALE speed by 60% over the 141A standard. The radio vocoder typically runs at 2.4 kbps, then drops to 800 bps in hop mode in poor data transmission conditions.

Thales AN / PRC-148 MBITR is the most popular multi-band portable radio

BAE Systems is a key partner in the JTRS GMR and HMS radio programs and works closely with Boeing

Marine platoon leader communicates with his forces on foot patrol

Private performing radio check during an amphibious raid in Iraq

Tadiran CNR-9000

Multiband Programmable Radio (SDR)

Several countries run their national Software Defined Radio (SDR) programs, which are dominated by portable versions. Most of them are still far from being completed, which allows regular multi-band radio stations to make up for the shortage. Providing different waveforms over a wide frequency range on a single platform is a weight-saving measure as it combines the capabilities of multiple dedicated radios into a single platform. Initially limited to special forces and narrow missions (for example, an advanced aircraft pilot), these radios have now been transferred to conventional troops and their cost has dropped.

The AN / PRC-148 radio station is deservedly known as the best-selling multi-band handheld radio station. Thales also developed the MA7035 MBITR Wearable System, an add-on solution that converts the 5W MBITR power output into 20W, effectively becoming a wearable portable system. The MBITR is included in the backpack, and the radio has direct amplifier control, which allows frequency hopping at higher power levels. Additional antennas are also provided to make better use of excess power. The entire system weighs 7.25 kg.

The Programmable Radios of the MR3000 family from Rohde and Schwarz provide frequency coverage of 1.5 MHz to 512 MHz. These are two models HF / VHF MR3000H and VHF / UHF MR3000U for HF, VHF and military UHF bands. Both radios share a common supply chain and the same detachable interface. The HF / VHF MR3000H has a transmission range of 1.5 MHz to 108 MHz, and at 100 kHz intervals it increases from 1.5 MHz to 512 MHz. HF antenna automatically tunes and uses MIL-STD-188-141B for ALE; for main systems, a flexible HF whip antenna with a height of 2.4 meters is used; for the VHF band in a portable role, either a rack-mount or 1.5-meter flexible antenna is used. The channel spacing is 1 kHz for HF, and for VHF / FM there are 5 spacing options from 5 kHz to 25 kHz. Up to 100 preset frequencies are available, 10 of which are user-controlled in the field using a rotary switch. The transmission power is between 1W and 10W. The data transfer rate when using STANAG 4285 in the HF range is 3.6 Kb / s, when using STANAG 4539 - 12.8 Kb / s in VHF, in its patented mode it can be increased to 64 Kb / s. All three are capable of combining with radios in a fast data transfer mode. Rohde and Schwarz offers proprietary hopping options, electronic security alternatives for fast data transmission from SECOM-H for HF and SECOM-V for VHF, while encryption is provided by an embedded voice and data solution.

The MR3000U has nearly the same performance as the "H" variant, with a transmission range of 25-512 MHz using SECOS waveforms and SECOM encryption, but it has also been tested with NATO's HaveQuick 1 & 2 and SATURN in ground-to-air mode ...

MR3000 Handheld Radio with Detachable Front Panel

Programmable radio station of the Turkish company Aselsan. The company has yet to make a clear decision on the portable radio, although its preliminary decision is based on the VRC-9661 30-512 MHz VHF / UHF, the first radios were delivered in 2010. The 10W / 50W amplified radio is currently intended to be installed in vehicles, but Aselsan intends to look to a solution where the two 9661 portable radios can be used outside the vehicle. This approach to programming radio stations allows Turkey and other potential users to continue using the stock PRC-9600, a licensed copy of GEC-Marconi's SCIMITAR.

The new 9661 family will use the new ANFH waveform (Advanced Networking Frequency Hopping). ANFH offers 2.4 Kbps MELP, voice coding, asynchronous (9.6 Kbps) and synchronous (16 Kbps) half-duplex encrypted data transmission. Other communications protocols include the VRC \\ PRC-9600 VHF tactical radio family, ground-to-air protocols, VHF / UHF protocols, and the TASMUS packet broadband radio family.

Selex Communications' CNR2000 family is a new line of HF / VHF (1.6 MHz – 59.9750 MHz) multi-band, multipurpose, multifunctional radio transceivers built into a single package of features for a variety of operational tasks on the battlefield. Operation in the extended frequency range of 1.6 MHz – 59.9750 MHz allows for short / medium / long-range radio communications via line-of-sight, extended line-of-sight and out-of-line of sight using tactical radios in the HF and VHF bands. The open, programmable architecture of the CNR2000 family is expandable and customizable and can be progressed towards future configurations of tactical radios in the 21st century, in line with the requirement to fully integrate lower echelon field devices into the Operations Management System.

The CNR2000 has built-in capabilities to operate as components within radio networks and as components of radio communications, coordinating with wired communications, providing situational awareness using GPS positioning data; CNRA (Combat Net Radio Access) services, such as directed calls between CNR2000 users and connection to external tactical and infrastructure networks. Interference protection can be provided by the patented TRANSEC / COMSEC circuitry in the form of an internal short-wave electronic protection module.

The CNR2000 family includes a portable radio (SRT-178 / M 25W HF / SSB - VHF / FM 10W) \u200b\u200bas well as portable stationary and semi-stationary models. The main task of the SRT-178 / M is to operate as a combat network radio station in wireless voice / data networks in the forward area between group members at different levels.

Another player in the multi-band market is the TTR-1210M TTR-1210M Multi-Band Handheld Radio from the L-3 Titan Group which combines HF, VHF and built-in GPS, it has 20W of power, weighs only 3.6kg with its rechargeable battery BA-5590. In HF mode, it offers several forms of data transmission, including MIL-STD-110B, STANAG 4285, 4415 and 4529 with HF voice transmission provided by either LPC-10e, STANAG 4591, MELP or CVSD. Security is ensured by AES encryption and hopping up to 300 hops / s in VHF mode. Data transfer rates reach 16 Kb / s in ECCM (Anti-Radio Countermeasures) mode in the VHF band and 75-9.6 Kb / s in the HF band. Initial sales were in the domestic market, but the company has now expanded into the international market.

In the HF band, Harris has dominated the “multi-band” world for a while with the AN / PRC-117F family of radios available to the US and for export. The 20W radio covers the entire VHJF spectrum: 28-90 MHz VHF low frequencies, 90-225 MHz VHF high frequencies and the military UHF range at 225-512 MHz. The complete radio with two BA-5590 batteries weighs 7.2 kg. The radio is very often used to interoperate and establish communication with the upper echelons, it has several Type 1 encrypted waveforms for command operations on UHF SATCOM, SINCGARS ESIP, HAVEQUICK 1/2 and Harris proprietary waveforms under the designation HPW for satellite and in the line of sight (SATCOM and LOS) communications. The bandwidth is up to 64 Kb / s in line of sight. The radio can work with a variety of standards, including RS-232E, MIL-STD-188-114A or RS 422 in synchronous and asynchronous modes, and supports ten DAMA (Demand Assigned Multiple Access) presets (multiple access with dedicated channels on demand) for UHF MILSATCOM communications.

This high-tech solution complements the more general exportable RF5800M-MP solution, which uses the same CITADEL frequency band and encryption for voice and data at up to 64 Kbps plus an internal GPS receiver.

Raytheon's multi-band option is the AN / PSC-5D MBMMR (Multiband, Multimission Radio), which is well known to the US Special Operations Forces. It covers the range of 30-512 MHz and includes information encryption, 142 preset channels and memory for 250 encryption keys. The radio also has the option of using a single combined antenna across the entire spectrum. MBMMR supports a range of waveforms including SINCGARS, HAVE-QUICK 1 & 2, and UHF SATCOM. For UHF SATCOM, it has a bandwidth of up to 16 Kb / s using DAMA and up to 76.8 Kb / s in other modes. The radio weighs 7.2 kg with two BA-5590 batteries. Raytheon has also developed the SATCOM On The Move add-on package for the AN / PSC-5D MBMMR, "SATCOM On The Move" ([Mobile satellite article will be published soon]), consisting of a 75W power amplifier, optional filter, and X flat panel antenna. -Wing. The system can also work with AN / PRC-117F.

The CNR2000 family is a new line of multi-band, multifunctional tactical HF / VHF (1.6 MHz – 59.9750 MHz) radio communications transceivers (transceivers) from Selex Communications, combining capabilities to perform various tasks on the battlefield in a single module. Operation in the frequency range of 1.6-59.9750 MHz allows for short / medium / long-distance communications on LOS (Line Of Sight), ELOS (Extended Line Of Sight) and BLOS (Beyond Line Of Sight - out of line of sight) with tactical radios HF and VHF. The open system, programmable architecture of the CNR2000 family allows expansion / customization to meet specific requirements and enables future configurations of the 21st century tactical radio to evolve along with the requirement to fully integrate lower echelon field devices into the Operations Management System

HMS JTRS handheld radio provides built-in communications capabilities for brigades and related soldier / platform applications

Harris' new RF300M-MP portable radio was officially unveiled in October 2010. It operates in the 30 MHz-2 GHz range, has a built-in SIERRA II anti-jamming module with selective accessibility, it uses SINCGARS, HAVEQUICK II, VHF / UHF AM and FM, the proprietary HPW also used in AN / PRC-117, DAMA SATCOM, and also promising broadband communication protocols, including ANW2 (Advanced Networking Wideband Waveform) developed by Harris. Upon reaching 2 GHz, this will allow the radio to operate on the commercial L-band SATCOM satellite network, as well as create future communication protocols.

Although the Rockwell Collins / Thales FLEXNET ONE VHF / UHF SDR radio is programmable and has the same dimensions and power as the PR4G, it is a portable model only, but is compatible with the handheld and portable versions of the current PR4G family due to the PR4G waveforms and [email protected] ECCM. In mobile mode, it supports a broadband network of 150 participants.

Although the FALCON II portable radio station uses elements of the JTRS HMS program, the implementation of the state program for its development continues. General Dynamics and partner Rockwell Collins recently supplied prototypes for evaluation testing. For JTRS radios, the Department of Defense has reduced its requirements for a two-channel handheld radio from 104,000 to nearly 16,900.

The radio will operate in the 2 MHz – 2.5 GHz band and weigh less than 5.9 kg without battery; it will be hermetically sealed and will have an option with two batteries to increase the operating time. The radio will have a built-in secure SAASM GPS module, remote control and wireless key changing is available. Ultimately, the radio will provide 19 communication protocols: Wideband Networking Waveform, Mobile User Objective System, UHF DAMA, IBS, VHF protocols including AM PBX and SINCGARS, HF, SATURN, HaveQuick II, EPLRS, SINCGARS and SRW protocols across all three frequency bands ... Two portable radios can be connected via an Ethernet cable to create a four-channel solution; this will create the potential basis for replacing many of the JTRS mobile radios (formerly CLUSTER 1), which have also been significantly reduced.

Raytheon's AN / PSC-5D multi-band tactical satellite radio is designed to safely provide tactical radio communications

Conclusion

High-power, long-range handheld radios provide the foundation upon which tactical interconnected networks (Internet) are formed. Smaller radios are possible and affordable, but lack the power and functionality required for many scenarios. The large number of these typically single frequency radios remaining in service means that the investment required to acquire, install and operate more sophisticated solutions is limited. As a result, the situation when standard radios will work side by side with programmable models will persist for many years to come.

Materials used:
www.monch.com
www.kongsberg.com
www.generaldynamics.uk.com
www.exelisinc.com
www.thalesgroup.com
www.elprof.ro
www.harris.com
www.codanradio.com
www.telefunken-racoms.de
www.elbitsystems.com
www.raytheon.com
www.rockwellcollins.com

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Army portable (mobile) low-power radio stations of the USSR and the Russian Federation
Part 1.
Author: ak108u
Annotation: development of portable (mobile) radio stations of low power TZU from the post-war period to the present day.

Spoiler ()

This group of radio stations has the same requirements as for portable ones. The only exceptions are the requirements for limiting the weight of the radio station, the requirements for dimensions remain one of the main ones. The requirements for the communication range provided by VHF radio stations are usually from 20 km for a standard antenna and, for HF radio stations - from 50 km. Portable radio stations are made according to the transceiver scheme and, therefore, are simplex, broadband in them is achieved by dividing the frequency range into subbands. Portable radios have a transmitter power of more than 10 watts.
ACS (antenna matching device or antenna tuner) performs the functions of an antenna circuit, i.e. provides:
efficient transmission of energy from the antenna to the receiver or from the transmitter to the antenna, coupling of the single-ended PA output with a symmetrical antenna, filtering of harmonics (interference).
The receiver of a radio station is performed, as a rule, according to a superheterodyne circuit with one or two frequency conversions.

In low-power radio stations, two options are possible:
1 - with disconnection of the receiver when transmitting.
2 - with the receiver turned on when transmitting.
The second option is due to two reasons:
1 - high frequency of the receiving path is used in the AFC system of the exciter.
2 - in the transmission mode, the receiver provides self-monitoring of the operation of its transmitter.

In some versions, the portable radio stations are equipped with an additional receiver, with which you can expand the possible types of radio communication (duplex, etc.).
In order to ensure the prompt tuning of the radio station from one frequency to another, the system of "Prepared Frequencies" (PFC) is provided in the mobile radio stations. The ZPCH system is a mechanical (electronic) device for storing the position of the adjustment organs (voltages). Tuning from one frequency to another is done automatically using electric motors (electronic switches).
Transportable radio stations use the object's on-board network as a power source, usually acid batteries. As additional power sources, it is possible to use gasoline-electric units or a 220V network.

All transportable radio stations can be conditionally divided by years of manufacture into radio communication means of TZU:

1st generation: R-112, R-113;
2nd generation: R-111, R-123, R-130;
3rd generation: R-134, R-171, R-173;
4th generation: R-163-50U, R-163-50K - "Crossbow" complex

Comparing the main characteristics of low-power radio stations, the following conclusions can be drawn:
1- The communication range of radio stations of all types has practically not changed, since this characteristic is determined by the control link in which this radio station is used. Accordingly, the output power of the transmitter for all radio stations is approximately the same.
2- The antennas have also remained virtually unchanged. The main antennas used in portable radio stations of low power TZU are whip antennas (AN) (including those on telescopic masts).
3- The types of radio signals used have changed significantly. The first generation radios mainly used AM radio signals. In the second generation radio stations, AM radio signals were also used to work with the radio stations of the old fleet. However, the main type of modulation for HF radio communication was single-sideband modulation (OM). In telegraph mode AT and Thurs. In portable radio stations, starting from the first generation, the main type of modulation is FM. From the third generation, high-speed equipment began to be used. In addition, some radio stations provide for the use of speech maskers and guaranteed durability CAS equipment. Radio stations of the fourth generation (Crossbow complex) provide operation with guaranteed durability ZAS equipment.
The modes of operation of radio equipment have changed significantly. In radio stations of 1, 2, 3 generations, the main modes were simplex and standby reception. The fourth generation radios provide for the “duplex”, “scanning reception” mode (for sequential control of the RFP), “signal-code communication”, “data transmission” (to ensure communication security). In the fifth generation radio stations, in addition to the above, an economizer mode is provided: the radio station is periodically switched on to receive mode for 2 seconds with an interval of 10 seconds. When receiving a tone call from a correspondent, the radio station switches to normal reception mode. Speech maskers are built directly into this generation of radios.
The number of RFPs in the process of modernizing low-power radio stations has increased. In radio stations of the first generation, there is no ZPCh, and in the radio stations of the Arbalet complex, their number reaches 16.

Portable (mobile) tactical radio stations of the 1st generation: R-112, R-113;

Radio station R-112 "RTK"

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The radio station R-112 "RTK" is intended for communication in the networks of the command of tank forces.
Frequency range: 2.8 - 4.99MHz
Channels: 220
Step: 10kHz.
Output power: not less than 100W
Signal types: CW, AM
Weight: not less than 45kg
When operating on a four-meter whip antenna in the telephone mode, the R-112 provides telephone communication at a distance of at least 20 km on the move or up to 25 km in the parking lot, and in the absence of extraneous interference - and at 40-50 km. In telegraph mode, the communication range reaches 50 km, and when working with a 10-meter telescopic antenna - 100-110 km, or up to 200 km in the absence of extraneous interference.

Radio station R-113 "Granat"

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R-113 "Granat" - tank VHF radio station, transportable, telephone, frequency modulation, VHF transceiver radio station. Designed for searchless and tuningless radio communication between objects in the army. The radio station provides round-the-clock reliable two-way communication in the parking lot and on the move of the object, both with the same type of radio station, and with radio stations of other types in the general frequency range. The radio station provides search-free entry into communication and non-tuning communication.
In order to improve the reliability of communication for objects of armored vehicles in 1950-1951. at the Central Research and Testing Institute for Communications of the Soviet Army (TsNIIIS SA, until 1946 - Research Institute for Communications of the Red Army (NIIS RKKA), until August 1948. - Research Testing Institute for Communications of the Ground Forces (TsNIIIS SV.), St. Mytishchi, Moscow region) together with the design bureau of the Sarapul plant named after Ordzhonikidze developed an ultra-shortwave radio station of the first post-war generation R-113 "Granat". Since 1954 A new set of radio equipment began to be installed in all linear tanks instead of short-wave tank radio stations. From the shortwave range of radio stations of the 9R and 10RK type, a transition was made to the frequency range of 20-22.375 MHz, which made it possible, with the radiation power of the radio station antenna of 16 W, to provide at any time of the day in mid-rough terrain conditions confident two-way radio communication between tanks located at a distance of up to 20 km from each other ... In contrast to the radio station of the 10RT type, the R-113 had frequency modulation, which significantly reduced the effect of interference during radio reception compared to amplitude modulation at the same antenna radiation power. This feature has contributed to a significant increase in the reliability of radio communications in the presence of interference.
The choice of the wavelength range (13.4-15m), close to ultrashort, made it possible to drastically reduce the number of other operating radio stations interfering with radio reception. Since with a decrease in the wavelength, the value of the angle between the direction of propagation of the reflected radio wave and the layer of the ionosphere decreased significantly. Therefore, in this range of radio waves, interference to radio reception was possible only from ultra-long-range powerful radio stations, the number of which in the range of the R-113 radio station was small. Consequently, for the R-113, the maximum radio communication range remained constant throughout the day. In it, for the first time for a serial radio station, a system of automatic control of reception and transmission from the operator's voice was introduced.
Introduced into service in 1953.
Since 1953 the radio station R-113 was mass-produced at the Sarapul plant named after. Ordzhonikidze, and since 1959. to 1966 - at the Ryazan Radio Plant.
For the installation of the radio station R-113 on the modernized tanks of the war period IS-2M and IS-ZM in the design bureau of TsEZ No. 1 in the mid-1950s. developed the appropriate technical documentation, which made it possible to mount new communications equipment not only at repair plants, but also directly in units by the forces of military repair agencies.
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
The R-113 radio station provides telephone communication in simplex mode at 96 fixed frequencies located at an interval of 25 kHz. Communication is carried out using a 4-meter whip antenna. The tuning time from one frequency to another does not exceed 1 min. The radio is powered by the tank's on-board network. The radio station allows, with an appropriate choice of operating frequencies, to work simultaneously on the same antenna with the R-112 radio station.
The radio station is based on the transceiver principle, i.e. some lamps, circuits and other elements are used for both reception and transmission. The circuit uses 20 12Zh1L lamps and one GU-50 lamp (in the output stage of the power amplifier). The transmitter is made according to the scheme with double frequency conversion and has quartz and quartz-free frequency stabilization. The receiver of the radio station is a triple frequency conversion superheterodyne. All local oscillators of the receiver are quartz frequency stabilized. When working on transfer, the quartz-free, the first and second crystal oscillators and mixers form the operating frequency, and the third crystal oscillator works in the AFC system. In total, 10 quartz crystals are used in the quartz stabilization system. The power supply of the anode circuits and the circuits of the shielding grids of the radio station lamps is carried out from the electric machine converters (umformers) of the power supply, which convert the low voltage of the on-board network (13V or 26V) into high voltage 220V and 550V.
The radio set includes (in the figure):
- transceiver;
- Power Supply);
- antenna tuner;
- antenna device;
- connecting cables;
- spare whip antenna;
- a box with spare parts.
The terminal low-frequency device of the radio station was the TSh-1 (TSh-2) headset with LEM-3 laryngophones and TA-56M telephones, which was connected directly to the radio station or through the R-120 TPU.
Coloration
The radio station blocks were painted in a metallic color, traditional for Soviet radio engineering (hammer enamel).
APPLICATION
The R-113 radio station was used as the main means of external communication for line tanks and armored personnel carriers, vehicles based on them, as well as mobile means of repairing armored vehicles. On command tanks and KShM, the radio station was installed in conjunction with the R-112 HF radio station and worked with it on one antenna.
It was also envisaged to install the R-113 radio station in the cabins of engineering vehicles on the BAT chassis (but it was not included in the set of these vehicles).
After replacing the R-123 stations, the R-113 stations were often installed on the control towers of the BTT training grounds.
EVALUATION, COMPARISON WITH ANALOGUES
The operation of the R-113 radio station in the troops showed that its 96 fixed frequencies were not enough to organize radio communication between tank subunits and subunits of other combat arms. Preparing for work and tuning the radio station to the required frequency required a certain qualification of the operator and was carried out before the start of combat use. During the battle, the user did not have the opportunity to change the communication channel assigned to him. One of the consequences of this was the easy opening of the operating frequencies of the communication system and the organization of effective radio countermeasures to it. At the same time, extremely successful circuitry and design-technological solutions were the basis for the development of the next generation of R-123 radio stations (Magnolia.
SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency range: 20.0 - 22.375MHz
Tuning step: 25kHz (96 fixed operating frequencies)
Occupation: telephone
Type of work: World Cup
Operating modes: simplex, half-duplex, standby reception
Receiver sensitivity: no worse than 5mkV, with noise suppressor - 10mkV
Transmitter power: 16W
Communication range:
- on the move 10-13km
- in the parking lot 25-30 km
Element base - miniature radio tubes
Power supply: board 26V or 13V
Power consumption:
- to transfer 11.5A
- at the reception 5.4A
- at the reception on duty 3.46A
Weight
- transceiver 16kg
- power supply unit 13kg
- complete set 42kg
Dimensions:
- transceiver 430x239x216mm
- power supply unit 206x220x217mm
- antenna tuner 220x80x110mm
Antennas: whip antenna 4m.

Portable (mobile) tactical radio stations of the 2nd generation: R-111, R-123, R-130;

Radio station R-111 "Binom"

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R-111 - portable, broadband, telephone, frequency modulation, VHF transceiver radio station. Designed for non-search radio communication, with automated restructuring both at a standstill and in motion at one of four pre-prepared frequencies. Provides work with telecode information equipment, remote control from remote consoles and a telephone set, and with a dual simplex version - simultaneous operation of two transceivers on one antenna, automatic and manual relaying of correspondents.
The R111 radio station is assembled according to the transceiver circuit. The operating frequency range of the radio station is divided into two sub-bands: 20.0 - 36.0 MHz and 36.0 - 51.0 MHz. The receiving path of the radio station is assembled according to a superheterodyne scheme. Squelch - by low frequency signal. To get into communication quickly, the P111 radio station provides 4 RFPs, which mechanically set the given frequency and the position of the antenna tuning elements. The transmitter is based on two GU-50s.
Specifications
Are common
Frequency range: 20.0 - 52.0 MHz

Radiation type: FM
Power source type: on-board network, anode voltage converter
Supply voltage: 27 V
Current consumption: standby mode - 2A
reception - 7 A
transmission (full power) - 20 A
Transmitter
Type: Smooth Local Oscillator (LC Oscillator)
Power in the conventional equivalent of the antenna (R \u003d 75 ± l, 5 Ohm): With fine (manual) tuning, not less:
at frequencies 20-22 MHz: 55 W
at frequencies 22-28 MHz and 50-51 MHz: 64 W
at frequencies 28-50 MHz: 68 W
With automatic tuning, not less than:
at frequencies 20-22 MHz: 42 W
at frequencies 22-28 MHz and 50-51 MHz: 49 W
at frequencies 28-50 MHz: 52 W
Maximum frequency deviation: ± 5KHz
Receiver
Type: superheterodyne
Bandwidth: 6dB - 20KHz

Radio station R-123M "Magnolia-M"

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R-123M "Magnolia-M" - onboard VHF radio station in the range of 20.0 - 51.5 MHz
The radio station operates in simplex mode, has frequency modulation.
Brief description of the radio station diagram:
The R123M radio station is assembled according to the transceiver circuit. The operating frequency range of the radio station is divided into two sub-bands: 20.0 - 36.0 MHz and 36.0 - 51.0 MHz. Tuning to the frequency is done with a continuous tuning knob. It is possible to tune the radio station to 4 pre-prepared frequencies (RFP), with the simultaneous tuning of the antenna matching device. The receiving path of the radio station is assembled according to a superheterodyne scheme. Squelch - by low frequency signal. The antenna matching device has two tunable elements, which are controlled by one multi-turn knob. The voltage converter for supplying the anode circuits is made in a separate housing. The radio was installed mainly on armored vehicles.
radio stations
Operating frequency range: 20,000 - 51500 kHz
Nominal supply voltage: 27 V
Power source: board. network - converter to anode voltage
Frequency shaping / setting: smooth local oscillator (LC oscillator)
Frequency display: optical scale
Transmitter frequency deviation: 5 kHz
Transmitter output power: nominal - 20 W, maximum up to 40 W (GU-50)
Receiver circuit: superheterodyne
6dB bandwidth: 20 kHz

Radio station R-130 / M "Box / M"

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"R-130 / M" "Boxwood / M" - tank, army HF radio station, simplex, tube, telephone and telegraph, single-band modulation, with quartz frequency stabilization. The radio station has a discrete frequency grid and provides a search-free entry into communication and communication without adjustment at fixed frequencies with the same type of radio stations and radio stations "R-104M," R-112 "," R-123 "," R-129 "," R- 134 "," R-140 "," R-143 ". The radio station allows operation with a tank headset. Range switch" R-130 "- mechanical, drum type.
"R-130" provides joint operation for transmission with high-speed equipment in CT, as well as telephone work through the intercom R-124 and without it. The operating frequency is set by three knobs "KILOHERTSY - x1000, x100, x1" with a decimal reference system, which allows you to set the frequency in complete darkness. The radio station provides the transition from reception to transmission, as well as work with OM and AM no two-wire line 2 km long (telephone wire of the P-275 type) from the remote telephone set "TA-57". The transition from reception to transmission is carried out by pressing the push-button of the microtelephone headset, the push-button of the headset's chest switch, by switching the PRM / PRD toggle switch or by closing contacts 4 and 5 of the TLF-2 connector on the transceiver.
The radio station provides:
reception and transmission of telephone signals with SSB single-sideband modulation (OM);
reception of telephone signals with amplitude modulation (AM);
transmission of telephone signals with single-sideband modulation with a carrier;
reception and transmission of telegraph signals with amplitude keying (ATC and ATU);
transmission of telegraph signals during frequency shift keying (FT) ChT-500;
duty reception in all the specified types of work, except frequency shift keying (DEJ. RECEPTION);
transmission of telegraph signals using high-speed equipment with a telegraphy speed of up to 150 baud (RT).
The radio station operates on the following types of antennas:
option A: "Shtyr-4m" antenna; Antenna "Oblique beam" 17 m and shortened 10 m; antenna "Symmetrical vibrator" 2 x 25 m and 2 x 15 m; anti-aircraft radiation antenna;
variant T: antenna "Shtyr-4m"; anti-aircraft radiation antenna; antenna "Symmetrical dipole" 2 x 25 m and 2 x 15 m.
It is possible to tune to the "Shtyr-4 m" antenna in the range from 3 MHz and above, and work to the "Shtyr-10m" antenna in the range of 1.5 - 6 MHz.
The main units of the radio station have the following designations on the nameplates: "R-130M-1" - transceiver; "R-130M-2" - power amplifier power supply unit (BP-260); "R-130M-3" - remote matching device (VSU-A), option A; "R-130M-4" - remote matching device (VSU-TM), version T; "R-130M-5" - balancing attachment (PS); "R-1Z0M-6" - adjustment unit (BR): "R-130M-7" - matching unit (BC).
MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Frequency range [1.5 - 10.99 MHz (10 sub-bands)
Frequency subband plan
1) 1.5-1.99,
2) 2-2.99,
3) 3-3.99,
4) 4-4.99,
5) 5-5.99,
6) 6-6.99,
7) 7-7.99,
8) 8-8.99,
9) 9-9.99,
10) 10-10.99MHz.
Number of discrete communication channels 950 (over the entire frequency range)
10 kHz step
Frequency setting range 0 - 90 kHz (smoothly, with TENS KILOHERZ knob)
Receiver
Sensitivity (in ATU / ATSh / OM / AM modes) not worse than 2/5/3/10 μV (with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 to 1)
Attenuation of unused LSB by at least 70 times (in relation to USB voltage)
Attenuation of sensitivity along the mirror channel at least 1000 times (60 dB) in voltage
The efficiency of the AGC ensures that the signal at the output of the receiver changes by no more than 2.5 times when the signal at the input changes from 20 μV to 20 mV (1000 times)
Transmitter
Output power (in the equivalent of 75 ohm antenna) at a voltage of 26 V on-board network not less than 12-14 W (for 1, 2 sub-bands) not less than 30-40 W (for other sub-bands)
Ambient temperature range -40 ... + 50 ° С
The highest relative air humidity 95 ... 98% at a temperature of + 40 ° С
Energy
Power supply of the radio station on-board DC network 26 V ± 15%
Consumption current (transmission / reception) no more than 13 / 3.5 A
Weight (option-A / option-T) 90/120 kg

Transportable (mobile) tactical radio stations of the 3rd generation: R-134, R-171, R-173;

Radio station R-134 "Berkut"

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The R-134 "Berkut" radio station provides telephone and telegraph radio communication in simplex mode between stationary or mobile objects on a wheeled or tracked base, including tanks, armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles. Manufacturer: State enterprise - plant "RADIOPRIBOR", Zaporozhye.

MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Operating frequency range 1.5 - 29.999 MHz
Tuning step 1.0 kHz
Number of prepared frequencies 8
Modulation AM / FM / SSB / CW
Receiver sensitivity 2 - 4 μV
Transmitter output power 50 W
Antennas
pin - 3 m ;,
pin - 4 m;
SV - symmetrical vibrator
Power supply - 27 V DC on-board network
Operating temperature range -50 ... + 50 ° C

RADIO STATION R-134M "Berkut-M"
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The R-134M "Berkut-M" radio station provides search-free entry into communication and radio communication without tuning with the same type, as well as with other types of radio stations that have common operating modes and coinciding frequency ranges in medium-cross-country conditions at any time of the year at frequencies selected from taking into account the propagation of radio waves.
The radio station provides operation with whip antennas 4m and 3m long, a two-pin zenith radiation antenna (SHAZI 4m), as well as an antenna "Symmetrical vibrator".
The radio station provides for the removal of the control panel and antenna-matching device at 10m and 20m.
The radio station provides operation in the following operating conditions:
at an ambient temperature from minus 50 ° C to plus 60 ° C at a relative air humidity of up to 98% and an ambient temperature of 35 ° C;
at shock loads with an acceleration of 20g with a pulse duration of 5-15 ms;
under vibration loads with acceleration 5g in the frequency range 5-500Hz.
The radio station provides the following types of work in simplex ("SM" and two-frequency simplex ("DS" modes):
telephony ("TLF" - with single-sideband modulation on the upper ("ОМ-В" or lower ("ОМ-Н") sideband (class of emission A3J);
amplitude telegraphy ("AT" - with carrier amplitude shift keying (emission class A1);
frequency telegraphy ("ChT" - with frequency shift keying with a carrier frequency shift of ± 250 Hz (emission class F1);
exchange of telegraph information at a rate not exceeding 150bit / s, with frequency shift keying with a carrier frequency shift of ± 250Hz ("BD" and ± 100Hz ("AR" from automatic telegraph equipment (emission class F1);
scanning reception. The radio station is controlled by an embedded microcomputer
TECHNICAL DATA
Frequency range, MHz 1.5-29.999
Frequency grid step, kHz 1.0
Frequency input, keypad controlled mode set
Alphanumeric display with light indication
Number of ZPCh 16
Time of automatic tuning from one frequency to another, s 0.5
Peak power of the transceiver, W 50.0
Receiver sensitivity, μV 3.0
Relative frequency instability ± 3x10-7
Tuning time, s 15
Consumption current, no more, A
- in reception mode 3.5
- in transmission mode 16.0
Food, V 22-30
Communication range, km 350
Operating conditions -50 ° С ... + 60 ° С
MTBF, hour 5200
Dimensions:
transceiver, mm 482x270x300
ANSU, mm 570x530x170
Weight:
transceiver, kg
ANSU, kg 25 \\ 28
Antennas: pin 4m, 3m, 2m or 1m; zenith whip, "symmetrical vibrator"

Radio station R-171 "Merka-171M"

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The radio station R-171M "Merka-171M" is transportable, ultra-short-wave, wide-range, telephone-telegraph with frequency modulation, transceiver is intended for non-search radio communication with automatic tuning, both in the parking lot and in motion to one of ten pre-prepared frequencies. The radio station provides operation with terminal equipment via channels 300-3400 Hz and 100-8000 Hz via a four-wire line, telecode information equipment via a two-wire line, remote control from a remote telephone set TA-57-U (TA-57), and in the duplex version - simultaneous operation of two transceivers on one antenna, automatic and manual relaying of correspondents.
The radio station is produced in simplex (IP1.100.071) and duplex (IP1.100.070) versions and is intended for installation in caterpillar and wheeled objects.
Radio communication can be conducted both with the same type of radio stations and with other radio stations that have a common section of the frequency range and the same type of modulation.
The radio station provides entry into radio communication without searching for a correspondent and conducting radio communication without tuning at any frequency of the range. Automatic tuning of the radio station to any of the ten ZPCHs provides entry into communication in no more than 10 seconds.

SPECIFICATIONS
1. Operating frequency range, MHz 75.999
2. Grid step, no more, kHz 1.0
3. Consumption current, no more, A:
for the simplex version:
- in reception mode 2
- in the mode of simultaneous operation for transmission with full power 22
for duplex option:
- in reception mode 4
- in the mode of simultaneous operation for transmission with full power 44
4. Transmitter power, not less, W:
for the simplex version:
- in the range of 30-55 MHz 80
- in the range 55-75.999 MHz 60
for duplex option:
- in the range of 30-55 MHz 70
- in the range 55-75.999 MHz 50
5. Receiver sensitivity, not less, μV:
- in MTG 1.2 mode
- in the DUPL mode. 1.5
- in OK mode, APP 1.2
6. Sound voltage in OK mode. APP within, 420-620 mV
7. The frequency deviation from the nominal value should be, no more than ± 1 kHz
8. The deviation of the frequency of the transmitter when the signal is applied to the digital input of the PRS 29-1 signal with an amplitude of 11V should be within 5.6-1.12 kHz
9. The amplitude of the output voltage of the receiver at the digital output within the range, 9-14 V
10. The mass of the radio station without packaging should be, no more than, kg
- simplex set 80
- duplex set 155
11. Power supply of the radio station is carried out from the on-board network with grounded negative voltage, 27V (+ 2.7 / -4.9)

Radio station R-173M "Paragraph-M"

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The R-173M "Paragraph-M" radio station - a further development of the R-173 "Paragraph" - is designed to provide two-way telephone and digital radio communication between mobile objects while moving and at a stop. Provides reception and transmission of analog and digital information (at a speed of 16 kbit / s) in the search-free and tuningless communication mode.
The R-173M is still the main basic means of communication on armored vehicles not only in the Russian army, but also in other power structures of the country (internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, border troops, troops of the Ministry of Emergencies, etc.). Produced by the Ryazan and, presumably, the Sarapul radio plants.
1. Specifications
Are common
Frequency range: 30-75.999 MHz
Memory organization: 10 preset frequencies
Frequency grid step: 1 kHz
Frequency instability: ± 1.5KHz
Transition time from one frequency to another: 3 s
Radiation type: FM
Operating temperature range: -50 ~ +50 ° C
Signaling systems: tone call
Power source type: 27 V network, 220 V network (optional supplied power supply)
Current consumption: receive 1.5 A, transmit 9 A
Data rate: 16Kbps
MTBF: at least 6000 hours
Overall dimensions of the transceiver with shock absorber: 428 x 222 x 239 mm
Weight of the main set of the radio station: no more than 43 kg
Transmitter
Type: Synthesizer with PLL
Output power: up to 30W
Maximum frequency deviation:
FM: ± 5 (± 1) kHz
for digital communication: ± 5.6 (± 1.2) kHz
Receiver
Sensitivity:
FM, with switched off PSH, not worse than 1.5 μV
FM, with PSH on, not worse than 3.0 μV
digital communication, not worse than 2.0 μV at coeff. errors 1x0.01
2. Functions, capabilities, management, etc.
The input circuits of the radio station are separate for the sub-bands 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-70, 70-76 MHz. Each input circuit is a tunable input filter and RF amplifier. The radio station has a noise suppressor (by low frequency signal) and a suppressor of impulse noise. The transmitter is made according to the direct amplification scheme. The master oscillator (exciter) has a synchronization circuit that sets its frequency equal to the receiving frequency.
Key Features:
Element base: semiconductor devices, integrated circuits
Controls: electronic and mechanical
Remote control of other radios
Dual frequency simplex or duplex
Digital channel 16000 bit / s
Automatic antenna tuning
Impulse noise suppressor
Remote control from the remote control panel
Interfacing with analog special equipment
Tone call
A radio modem can be connected to a radio station to exchange information over a radio channel. Additionally, it can be completed with AVSK R-174 equipment.
With an appropriate choice of frequencies, the joint independent operation of two R-173M radio stations and a R-173M radio station and a R-173PM radio receiver on a common antenna using antenna-decoupling devices is ensured.
The radio remains operational when the on-board voltage changes from +22 to +29 V, as well as in the presence of overvoltage pulses in the on-board network with an amplitude of up to +70 V and a duration of 3 ms.

Transportable (mobile) tactical radio stations of the 4th generation: R-163-50U, R-163-50K - "Crossbow" complex

In the 1980s, as part of the Nizina-Arbalet research and development project at the Voronezh Research Institute of Communications, layouts of an adaptive automated VHF radio communication system were developed and tested, which were taken as a basis for the development of anti-jamming radio communication devices of the 4th generation "Crossbow". For the first time, the complex of means "Crossbow" included radio stations from portable and wearable products to portable tank radio stations and powerful HF and VHF radio stations. A number of micro-assemblies have been developed specifically for the products of the complex, which made it possible to realize high technical characteristics of products in the given weight and dimensions and energy consumption.
In 1987, by the decision of the MVK, the products "Arbalet-50U", "Arbalet-50K", "Arbalet-KP" and "Arbalet-UP" were put into service under the indexes R-163-50U, R-163-50K, R-163 -KP and R-163-UP.
The radio stations of the "Arbalet" complex (under the general code - R-163) were supposed to replace almost the entire fleet of low-power radio stations available at the end of the Union. But the collapse did not allow to complete this business.

Radio station R-163-50U "Crossbow-50U"

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The portable radio station R-163-50U "Arbalet-50U" VHF range, with frequency modulation, is designed to provide radio communication between ground mobile objects in the parking lot and in motion. The radio station provides round-the-clock, non-search, tuningless two-way communication with both the same type of radio stations and with other radio stations that are compatible in terms of the operating frequency range and types of modulation. The radio station provides round-the-clock operation when the ratio of the transmission time to the reception time is 1: 5 (with continuous transmission of no more than 3 minutes), as well as in the presence of a heat removal device, round-the-clock transmission.
Specifications
Frequency range, MHz 30 ... 79.9999
Frequency grid step, kHz 1
Transceiver power at active load 75 Ohm, W:
Full power 35
Low power mode 1
Transmitter frequency deviation, kHz 4.4 ... 8
Relative frequency deviation of the radio station, no more than ± 4.5x10-6
Receiver sensitivity, μV
On telephone channel 1.2
In the telegraph channel 0.6
In digital channel 1.7
When receiving digital codograms 0.9
Communication range with a radio station of the same type on medium rugged terrain using a standard antenna, km, not less than 20
Power supply, V 22.1 ... 29.7
Radio station consumption current, no more, A:
In reception mode 2.3
In transmission mode 10
Operating temperature range оС -50 ... + 60
Transceiver dimensions, mm 428x239x222
Transceiver weight with shock-absorbing frame, kg, no more than 27
Modes of work:
Reception and transmission in all types of work;
Simplex;
Dual frequency simplex;
Duplex with an additional receiver;
Automated transition to a standby frequency free from interference;
Duty reception;
Retransmission of signals of the same type of radio stations in a two-frequency simplex with an additional radio receiver;
Remote control from the remote control (PU-50U) via a cable up to 10 meters long;
Main delivery set:
Transceiver with shock absorber frame in a case;
Antenna pins in a case;
Single set of spare parts;
Set of connecting cables;
A set of operational documentation;
Set of mounting parts;
Types of jobs:
Frequency modulation telephone;
Auditory tone telegraph;
Signal-code communication;
Digital communication at a speed of 16 kbps;

Radio station R-163-50K "Crossbow-50K"

Click to enlarge

Click to enlarge

KB radio station R-163-50K "Arbalet-50K" is designed to provide radio communication in the command networks in the frequency range from 2 to 30 MHz when stationary and in motion. It provides two-way telephone and telegraph communication, auditory and automatic reception of tone call signals, reception on a rotary antenna 4 m high at a distance of 50-80 km. The number of pre-prepared frequencies - 16. MTBF - at least 5200 hours.
The design of the KB whip antenna support allows it to be installed in an inclined position. In this position, the antenna is additionally supported by a special spring attached to the tower. This position of the antenna turns it into a "zenith radiation antenna". The use of "anti-aircraft radiation antenna" is effective in organizing communications in mountainous areas. A "symmetrical dipole" antenna installed on an 11-meter mast in the range from 2 to 18 MHz provides a communication range of up to 350 km. The radio station also provides modes: dual-frequency simplex, standby reception with scanning at recorded frequencies, reception and transmission of an address call, reception and transmission of codograms.
Main design features:
upper sideband single-sideband telephony (class of emission A3J);
amplitude modulated carrier telegraphy (emission class A1);
frequency-shift keying telegraphy with carrier frequency shift +250 Hz (emission class F1);
exchange of telegraph information at a speed not exceeding 150 bps, with frequency shift keying with a carrier frequency shift of +250 Hz and +100 Hz from automatic telegraph equipment (emission class F1);
joint work with the R-163-50KP receiver in dual-frequency simplex and duplex modes;
joint work with VHF radio stations (type R-173, R-163-50U) in simplex mode;
remote control from the control panel up to 10 m and placement of the antenna matching device at a distance of up to 5 m;
frequency input, set of modes - from the keypad;
display - alphanumeric with light indication;
microcomputer control and testing;
scanning reception;
tuning time from one frequency to another \u003d 0.5 s;
tuning time \u003d 15 s;
memory of address call, telecode information and tone call signals with light indication on the board;
continuous work.
MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Operating frequency range 2 - 30 MHz
Frequency grid step 1.0 kHz
Number of ZPCh 16
Receiver sensitivity 3 μV
Transmitter output power (peak) 50 W
Antennas 4, 3, 2 or 1 m rod, zenith rod whip "symmetrical dipole"
Energy
Supply voltage 22 - 30 V
Consumption current reception - 1.3 A; transmission - 14.0 A
Operating temperature range -50 ... + 60 ° C
MTBF 5200 hours
Dimensions and weight 300 x 290 x 414 mm; 35 kg

VHF hand-held radio stations

During the Great Patriotic War, the concept of using radio communication underwent intensive and fundamental changes. The armies used more means of communication, using higher and higher frequencies, new types of modulation and information coding. Electronic equipment was also used for various special tasks, such as radio reconnaissance, radio compasses, radars, identification of friend / foe, remote-controlled bombs, glider-bombs, including television manual control, radio-controlled mines, etc.

It so happened that until the end of the War in the tactical level of control, with a few exceptions, were devices built according to the old doctrines of communication. Radio communication of the lower tactical echelon and vehicles with commanders and with each other at a distance of up to 30 km was carried out in the HF range using ground wave communications. The frequencies used are mainly between 2-10 MHz, the basic principle of messaging was telegraph and amplitude modulation, however, it should be noted that the radio communication distance of a station using amplitude modulation is much shorter in comparison with the same station working with a CW. The power sources used were battery power, generators with a hand or foot drive, as well as from the on-board network of vehicles using a motor generator. Despite the feasibility of miniaturizing radios, it was still necessary to use bulky and heavy devices with relatively complex controls. Tactical radio stations of that time had disadvantages: in the telegraph mode, there was a relatively low information transfer rate, which depended primarily on the operator's training, and in the telephone mode, AM communication was very sensitive to electromagnetic interference. Also, to achieve reliable radio communication, it was envisaged to use large whip or wire antennas, but, of course, in the conditions of the dynamic course of hostilities, it was impossible to use these antennas.

Although the lower part of the short-wave range from 1.5 to 10 MHz, in comparison with higher-frequency radio communications, acts better in rough terrain, due to better propagation of radio waves, the disadvantages associated primarily with the limited number of used channels, especially with large military operations, exposure to atmospheric interference, the dependence of the stability of the communication channel on the time of day and the type of modulation, and very low efficiency of whip antennas.

At the same time, it should be noted that experience has been gained in the creation and operation of tactical short-range radio stations using the VHF frequency range in the 30-40 MHz region. The first experience of operation in combat conditions in 1938 at Khalkin-Gol VHF radio stations RRU, showed the high stability of the radio channel, even despite the shortcomings caused by the design, circuitry and type of modulation. It was the stability of the VHF radio channel, which little depended on the seasonality, time of day and atmospheric interference, that prompted radio communication specialists to further develop, who created quite advanced for that time portable radio stations RBS, RBS-A and RBS-1. Although it should be said about the low frequency stability of these radio stations, forcing the signalmen to show miracles of dexterity in order to "keep the wave", quickly adjusting the radio station when the frequency drifts. It is because of the instability of the frequency of the radio channel that the first tank VHF radio station RTU-1 was not put into operation. But a real breakthrough in short-range tactical radio communications was the creation of G. T. Shitikov and the beginning of production in 1942 of the first VHF FM portable radio station A-7. The effectiveness of FM telephone communication turned out to be so high that when developing the next modification of the A-7 radio station, it was decided to abandon the telegraph mode.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, despite the very difficult economic situation, the developers of radio communications military devices began to rethink the constructive approach in the design of new radio communications. Of course, taking into account the trophy technologies: light-alloy materials, high-quality radio ceramics, new dielectrics and more.

All post-war portable VHF radio terrestrial communication facilities of the TZU can be conditionally divided into:

The first generation of VHF wearable radios

Despite the realization of the effectiveness of using a new type of modulation - FM, military customers had to accept into operation in the first post-war generation radio stations using AM modulation in the VHF range, which was obviously a temporary solution, and it also allowed to interact during this transitional period with the old park of VHF AM radio stations.

Radio station R-106 "Plakhpet"

In 1949, a new radio station of the battalion networks R-106 “Plakhpet” was put into operation - a portable, knapsack, vacuum tube VHF radio station of the battalion network for operation in simplex mode with amplitude modulation. Provides communication only by telephone and operates in the VHF using a common frequency for both transmitting and receiving. The chief designer of the development is Plakhotnikov. The year of development is 1947.

Type: R-106 "Plakhpet"

Frequency range: 46.1-48.65 MHz
Channels:?
Power: 0.1W
Modulation type: AM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range:?

Radio station R-116 "Lily of the valley"

In 1950, a new VHF AM radio station of company networks R-116 "Landysh" was put into operation. The radio station is assembled according to the transceiver scheme, the receiver of the radio station is assembled according to the direct amplification scheme with a super-regenerative detector.

Type: R-116 "Lily of the valley"

Frequency range: 48.65-51.35 MHz
Channels: 10
Power: 0.1W
Modulation type: AM
Antenna: Pin.
Communication range: Up to 1 km

Radio station R-105D / R-108D / R-109D / R-114D "Astra"

In 1957, the FM radio station R-105D / R-108D / R-109D / R-114D “Astra” was put into operation to replace VHF AM radio stations.

Radio stations differed in frequency range and purpose:

R-105D "Astra-3" .- radio station of company radio networks of motorized rifle and tank forces
R-108D "Astra-2" .- VHF radio station of company radio networks of artillery
R-109D "Astra-1" .- VHF radio station of company air defense radio networks
R-114D "Astra" .- VHF radio station for equipping the Airborne Forces

Knapsack radio stations, wearable, ultra-short-wave, telephone with frequency modulation, transceiver, with the possibility of remote control and retransmission, are intended for search-free and tuningless communication in radio networks and in automobile radio centers.

Type: R-105D "Astra-3"

Channels: 203
Power: 1W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

Type: R-108D "Astra-2"

Channels: 171
Power: 1W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

Type: R-109D "Astra-1"

Air defense.
Frequency range: 21.5-28.5 MHz
Channels: 141
Power: 1W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

Type: R-114D "Astra"

Purpose: Radio station for battalion networks.
Frequency range: 20.0-26.0 MHz
Channels:?
Power: 1W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

Radio station R-105M / R-108M / R-109M "Parus".

In 1967, the production of modernized versions with improved characteristics and lighter weight R-105M / R-108M / R-109M Parus began.

In 1956-1960. employees of the design bureau of the Voronezh plant "Electrosignal" have developed these portable tube radio stations. Chief designer of radio stations - Petrov K.Ya. Production - 1967-1986. The number of channels in the modernized radio stations of the “Parus” series was doubled, reducing the inter-channel distance to 25 kHz, which made it possible to increase the selectivity of the receiving path and reduce the out-of-band emissions of the transmitting path. There is no functional analogue of the R-114D radio station in this series, since already in 1962 the army began operating the R-107 “Binom” radio station, which with a margin overlapped the frequency range of all four “D” series radio stations.

But despite the appearance of a more universal radio station, the R-105M “Parus-3” model turned out to be successful and appropriate and the “indestructibility” was so high that the use of the radio station continued for a long time, in different structures of the Armed Forces and Civil Defense.
R105M 1

Type: R-105M "Parus-3"

Purpose: Radio station for battalion networks of motorized rifle and tank forces.
Frequency range: 36.0-46.1 MHz
Channels: 405
Power: 1W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

Type: R-108M "Parus-2"

Purpose: Radio station for battalion artillery networks.
Frequency range: 28.0-36.5 MHz
Channels: 381
Power: 1W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

Type: R-109M "Parus-1"

Radio station R-126.

From the beginning of the 60s, the production of this portable radio station of company radio networks, telephone, with frequency modulation, operating in the ultrashort wave range, was begun, the smallest of the tube ones, having a normal, superheterodyne, receiver.

Radio station R-107 "Binom"

Since 1962, a VHF radio station of the battalion radio networks R-107 “Binom” range has been produced. Operates in simplex mode, frequency modulation, assembled according to the transceiver circuit.
The operating frequency range of the radio station is divided into two sub-bands: 20 - 36 MHz and 36 - 52 MHz. There is no squelch in the radio.

This VHF radio station implemented wide-band frequency overlap, which made it possible to use it in all branches of the military, where niche radio stations of the Astra and Parus series were used.

Type: R-107 "Binom"

The second generation of portable VHF radio stations

Radio receiver R-147 "Aktsiya-P"

Portable small-sized backpack VHF FM radio receiver of the meter range.
Designed to provide communication:

SV in the MSO-MSV link
Air defense ground forces in MANPADS 9K34 "Strela-3"
engineering troops - engineering reconnaissance vehicle IRM

Available in 26 series with various combinations of channel frequencies. Designed to provide communication in the MSO-MSV link. The knapsack radio was worn on a strap over the shoulder, the earpiece was attached with a rubber band around the head, the antenna was made in the form of spring strips, and was attached to the earpiece with a clip. It was put into operation in 1971. The R-147P radio receiver is compatible with the radio networks of the R-147 radio stations.

Type: R-147P "Aktsiya-P"

Radio station R-147 "Action"

Portable small-sized knapsack simplex VHF FM radio station of the meter range, with frequency modulation and the ability to call the correspondent tone. Available in 26 series with various combinations of channel frequencies.

Designed to provide search-free and tuningless communication at the lower levels of control.
Starting from the second generation, a radio communication distribution scheme in the TZU was formed, and in particular the R-147 was the first radio station intended for the lower level - the platoon level.

Type: R-147 "Action"

Radio station R-148 "Kid"

It was put into operation in 1971. Knapsack, for company radio networks, portable, VHF range, transceiver, telephone with frequency modulation (FM) and the ability to call a correspondent tone.

Type: R-148 "Kid"

Purpose: Radio station of company networks.
Frequency range: 37.0-51.95 MHz
Channels:?
Power: 0.5W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin.
Communication range: Up to 6 km

Radio station R-107M "Binom-M"

Portable, knapsack radio station of HF-VHF range, intended for battalion networks of TZU. Works in simplex mode, frequency modulation. The R-107M radio station is assembled according to a transceiver circuit with one frequency conversion. Frequency setting is carried out by two controls - a switch on the top panel (1 MHz step) and a vernier on the front panel (smoothly).

There is no squelch in the radio. The radio station has an automatic antenna matching device. A characteristic feature of the radio station is the presence of an electronic digital frequency meter with an original display unit, implemented on miniature incandescent lamps.

Type: R-107M "Binom-M"

Purpose: Radio station of battalion networks
Frequency range: 20.0-52.0 MHz
Channels:?
Power: 5W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

The third generation of VHF handheld radios

Radio station R-157

Portable, VHF, simplex radio station, with frequency modulation, designed to provide telephone communication in the platoon link of the TZU.

The kit consists of a transceiver in a case, a headset, a power supply, an antenna, mounting straps, spare and auxiliary equipment and documentation.

Purpose: Radio station of platoon networks.
Frequency range: 44.0-54.0 MHz
Channels:?
Power: 0.5W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin.
Communication range: Up to 1.5 km

Radio station R-158 "Viscount"

Portable, semiconductor, simplex VHF FM radio station for company units of TZU. Designed for radio communication with radio stations of the same type on the spot and on the move, when carried by a radio operator, in motion and in a parking lot, when installed on a car.

Type: R-158 "Viscount"

Purpose: Radio station of company networks.
Channels:?
Power: 1W
Modulation type: FM
Antenna: Pin.
Communication range: Up to 6 km

Radio station R-159 / M "Mikron / -M"

Knapsack VHF radio station for the battalion level of TZU, simplex with narrow-band telegraphy and with tone call, as well as with the possibility of remote control in the telephone mode. Setting the frequency of the radio station using the switches and automatic tuning of the transmitter to the antenna ensure communication within 20-30 seconds. Entry into radio communication is carried out without searching, and communication is carried out without adjustment, at any frequency of the range. The radio has a frequency range from 30 to 75.999 MHz and allows you to set the frequency in 1 kHz using the “MHz” and “kHz” switches. When installed on a car, they were supplied complete with a low frequency amplifier.

Type: R-159 / M "Mikron / -M"

Purpose: Radio station of battalion networks
Frequency range: 30.0-80.0 MHz
Channels:?
Power: 5W
Modulation type: FM / CHT
Antenna: Pin, beam.
Communication range: Up to 25 km

Since wearable VHF radios are designed to provide communication over relatively short distances, the VHF range is widely used in them. Most radios operate in the 20 to 90 MHz band, which has certain advantages over other bands. The propagation conditions of radio waves in this area do not depend on the state of the ionosphere, time of day and year. Here, the level of station interference is significantly lower, since radio waves of the meter range propagate along the earth's surface for distances limited by the line of sight between the receiving and transmitting antennas.

Structurally, wearable radios represent a single package that contains a transceiver and a power source. All major organs are located on the front panel. The set of used antennas allows radio communication on the spot and on the move. Wearable radios can be installed on various mobile objects.

All modern VHF, portable radio stations are performed according to the transceiver scheme. They assume the use of the same stages and circuit elements, both in the transmitter and in the receiver. The use of joint circuits makes it possible to reduce the dimensions and weight of the VHF radio station, reduce the energy consumption from power sources, and simplify the process of tuning and operating the radio station. However, in this case, such radios are only simplex. Over time, there has been a tendency to expand the frequency range of portable radio stations.

Note: you can find out more about these radio stations on the websiteMilitary radio communications .

To be continued…

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Last Updated on 09/08/2017 14:15:11
The article was sent by - Alexander Tolstov aka ak108u

R-106 "Plakhpet"; R-116 "Lily of the Valley"; R-105D Astra; R-126; R-107 "Binom".

Comparative characteristics of low-power radio stations TZU released after the Second World War.

Wearable radios have a power of up to 10 W and are designed to provide radiotelephone communication between individual officials (individual) or limited groups of people. Communication range - from units to hundreds of kilometers. The most acceptable part of the frequency range is 5-100 MHz, since it meets the intended use of radio stations and has a large frequency capacity. The main requirements for portable radio stations are:

Minimum dimensions and weight
- Ease of controls
- reliability of work.

The dimensions of radio stations are largely determined by its main characteristics, such as transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, frequency range, etc.

All portable radio stations of the post-war production can be conditionally divided into radio communication means of TZU:

1st generation: R-104, R-105, R-106, R-108, R-109, R-116, R-126;
2 generations: R-147, R-148, R-107M;
3 generations: R-157, R-158, R-159, R-143;
4 generations: R-162-xxx, R-163-xxx - "Crossbow" complex
5th generation: R-168-xxx - complex "Aqueduct"

At present, the communications facilities of the Granite complex (R-169) are being developed.

Comparing the main characteristics of low-power radio stations, the following conclusions can be drawn: the communication range of radio stations of all types has practically not changed, since this characteristic is determined by the control link in which this radio station is used. Accordingly, the transmitter output power for all radio stations of the same type of tactical units is approximately the same.

Structurally, wearable radios represent a single package that contains a transceiver and a power source. All major organs are located on the front panel. A set of used antennas allows radio communication on the spot and on the move. Wearable radios can be installed on various mobile objects.

The antennas are also practically unchanged. The main antennas used in portable radio stations of the TZU are whip antennas.
The types of used radio signals have changed significantly. The first generation radios mainly used AM radio signals. In the second generation radio stations, AM radio signals were also used to work with the radio stations of the old fleet. However, the main type of modulation has become single sideband modulation (OM). In telegraph mode AT and Thurs. In third-generation radio stations, the main type of modulation is FM. Speed \u200b\u200bequipment has been used. In addition, some radio stations provide for the use of speech maskers (R-143) and guaranteed durability ZAS equipment (R-159M). Radio stations of the fourth generation (Crossbow complex) provide operation with guaranteed durability ZAS equipment.

The operating modes of radio facilities have changed significantly. In the radio stations of the first, second and third generations, the basic modes were simplex and standby reception. The fourth generation radios provide for the “duplex”, “scanning reception” mode (for sequential control of the RFP), “signal-code communication”, “data transmission” (to ensure communication security).
In the fifth generation radio stations, in addition to the above, an economizer mode is provided: the radio station is periodically switched on to receive mode for 2 seconds with an interval of 10 seconds. When receiving a tone call from a correspondent, the radio station switches to normal reception mode. Speech maskers are built directly into this generation of radios.

The number of RFPs in the process of modernizing low-power radio stations has increased. In the radio stations of the first generation, there is no ZPCh, and in the radio stations of the Arbalet complex, their number reaches 16.

Ultra-shortwave radio communication of tactical units.

Since wearable radios are designed to provide communication over relatively short distances, they widely use the meter wave band. Most modern radios operate in the 20 to 90 MHz range, which has certain advantages over other bands. The propagation conditions of radio waves in this area do not depend on the state of the ionosphere, time of day and year. Here, the level of station interference is significantly lower, since radio waves of the meter range propagate along the earth's surface for distances limited by the line of sight between the receiving and transmitting antennas.

Radio station R-106 "Plakhpet"

R-106 "Plakhpet" (aka RBS) is a portable, knapsack, tube VHF radio station of the battalion network for operation in simplex mode with amplitude modulation with mechanical half-duplex. It provides telephone-only communication and operates in VHF using a common wave for both transmitting and receiving. One 2NKN-24 rechargeable battery is used to power the radio transceiver. The heating circuits of the lamps are powered directly from this battery, and the anode-screen circuits of the lamps are powered from the same battery through a vibration transducer. During transportation, the operating set of the radio station along with spare and auxiliary property is placed in a packing box.

Specifications
Are common
Frequency range
Transmit 46.1 - 48.65 MHz
Receive 46.1 - 48.65 MHz
The years of adoption 1949
Frequency grid step 150 kHz
Power source type 2NKN-24 battery (vibration transducer into anode voltage)
Supply voltage 2.4 V
Current consumption reception 1.6 A
gear 2.6 A
Battery Life 12 hours (at 3: 1 TX / RX ratio)
Communication range with the same type of radio / s to a whip antenna - up to 1.5 km
Overall dimensions of the radio station - 310 x 215 x 225 mm
box - 585 x 264 x 310 mm
Radio weight - 10.8 kg
in the packing box - 27 kg
Transmitter
Type - smooth local oscillator (LC-generator) Output power 0.1 W
Receiver
Type - single conversion superheterodyne (super-regenerative detector) Intermediate frequencies 1st 7.3 MHz

Two-way stable communication with a radio station of the same type when operating on a whip antenna is provided at distances of up to 1.5 km. Such a communication range is possible in medium-rugged terrain in any position of a soldier-radio operator with a radio station (standing, lying, on the move) and when the radio station is located on the ground and in a trench. When working from shelters (dugout, ravine, basement of a building), the same communication range can be provided to the beam antenna. The use of a beam antenna in medium-rugged terrain outside shelters increases the communication range to 3 km. The range and reliability of communication at the radio stations of the battalion network do not depend on the weather conditions, time of year and day. The radio set includes the following types of antennas: 1) Kulikov's flexible whip antenna 1.5 m high; 2) a beam antenna 30 m long. The "R-106" radio station is assembled according to a transceiver scheme, the common elements for the receiver and transmitter are the master oscillator, the bass amplifier and the antenna circuit. In the receive mode, the signal from the antenna goes to the antenna circuit, then to the HF amplification stage on the 2Zh27L lamp, then to the mixer on the 2Zh27L lamp, to which the signal of the local oscillator is supplied - the master oscillator assembled on the 2P29L lamp. From the mixer, the IF signal is fed to a super-regenerative stage on a 2Zh27L lamp, in which the main amplification, filtering and AM detection take place. The LF signal from the superregenerative detector through the LPF is fed to the LF pre-amplification stage on the 2Zh27L lamp, which is used in the transmission mode as a microphone signal amplifier. Then the LF signal is fed to the final ULF stage, which is used as an UHF lamp, and through the output transformer to the headset telephones or a handset. In the transmission mode, the signal from the master oscillator - the local oscillator is fed to the power amplification stage on the 2P29L lamp in which amplitude modulation occurs, and through the antenna circuit to the antenna. Frequency-tunable elements (capacitances) are located in the following stages: antenna circuit, generator master circuit, generator output circuit. They are all rebuild with one 18-position detent handle. In the transmission mode, an additional capacitance is connected parallel to the grid circuit of the master oscillator, which reduces the oscillator frequency by the value of the IF frequency \u003d 7.3 MHz.)