How to tune a radio station on a radio receiver. Setting up the high frequency unit

Once upon a time there was a Sony radio tape recorder, at the sale they said that it was Japanese, the price made me believe, later he assured everyone that she was from there. Its objective merit is pure sound. True, there was a small nuance - the scale of the FM range of 88-108 MHz, but at the store there was a magician who, for a "small fraction", created a miracle - he filled the scale with many Russian-speaking radio stations. They exploited the radio tape recorder in full, but remembering how much was paid for it, they did not throw it or at it. So it was not badly preserved, despite its very respectable age. That's just the broadcasting stations that she caught, at first diminished, and then there were no more.

On the Internet, about setting up sound-reproducing equipment, the information is sea, it is written competently, in detail. This is happiness for students of radio engineering universities, you can easily use it instead of notes to prepare for exams, and this infa won't help the owner of a radioactive radio, it's not to improve his intellect, but to fix the receiver. Or throw it away, it's no longer a pity.

I opened the case, began to disassemble it into its component parts. There are no complaints either to the power supply unit, which turned out to be super primitive, which is at the bottom left, or to the tape drive mechanism of the tape recorder, to the right of it. One gives out "to the mountain" its 12 V, and the second regularly pulls the magnetic tape.

But the printed circuit board wanted to understand a little. For warm-up, I checked all electrolytic capacitors for the actual presence of capacity and ESR. It's hard to believe, but everyone turned out to be in perfect order. I soldered and disassembled the volume control - a variable resistor, for example, a revision. Somehow a long time ago he got a little runny and was, through a syringe with a needle, awarded a portion of machine oil. Does it need a supplement? And there was so much oil in it that even now I blotted the excess in the pan, put it back in place. I washed the board from the side of the printed conductors with formic alcohol specially bought at the pharmacy (they did not give anything else), and then, so that there was no white coating from it, with hot water and shampoo. It turned out not bad, although it is perceived by ear, this method is wild.

The contacts of the wires, suitable for the speaker, are soldered. And around the circumference of the speaker I installed a rim - a flexible tube cut along the length from a medical dropper. This is to prevent the metal of the speaker from resting on the plastic of the case - it certainly won't be worse for the sound characteristics.

And then, very by the way, I remembered that the master who was finalizing the radio tape recorder was talking about some kind of wire spirals. There were several of them on the board and all in the area of \u200b\u200bthe variable capacitor. Partially assembled the device, turned it on and, at the desired range, began to touch the copper wires wound with rings with a screwdriver. Two did not respond, but barely touched the third, characteristic changes in sound appeared in the dynamics. Found! In the photo below. I touched it well with tweezers, but it dangles. I dropped it out, straightened it and rewound it, on a mandrel of a suitable diameter. Soldered in place. The FM band came to life. Then I became completely bold and let's move the turns with a screwdriver (increase and decrease the gap between them). In response to my actions, the location and number of stations on the scale began to change. But the most convenient for setting were two tweezers. He stretched and squeezed them like an accordion, only gently. You can clearly see this action in the video.

Video

As a result, I chose a combination of stations suitable for myself and optimal in terms of location on the scale. The difficulty is only in doing everything slowly, otherwise, you know, you want everything faster. Good luck! The simplest option for a possible refurbishment is the settings shared by Babay iz Barnaula.

You only need one chip to build a simple and complete FM receiver that can receive radio stations in the 75-120 MHz range. The FM receiver contains a minimum of parts, and its tuning, after assembly, is minimized. It also has good sensitivity for receiving VHF FM radio stations.
All this thanks to the Philips TDA7000 microcircuit, which you can buy without any problems on our beloved Ali Express -.

Receiver circuit

Here is the receiver circuit itself. Two more microcircuits are added to it, so that at the end you get a completely finished device. Let's start looking at the diagram from right to left. A low-frequency amplifier for a small dynamic head is assembled on the LM386 running microcircuit, which has already become a classic. Here, I think, everything is clear. A variable resistor adjusts the volume of the receiver. Further, a 7805 stabilizer has been added above, which converts and stabilizes the supply voltage up to 5 V. It is needed to power the microcircuit of the receiver itself. And finally, the receiver itself is assembled on the TDA7000. Both coils contain 4.5 turns of PEV-2 0.5 wire with a winding diameter of 5 mm. The second coil is wound on a frame with a ferrite trimmer. The receiver is tuned to the frequency with a variable resistor. The voltage from which goes to the varicap, which in turn changes its capacity.
If desired, varicap and electronic control can be abandoned. And the frequency can be tuned either with a tuning core or with a variable capacitor.

FM receiver board

I drew the mounting plate for the receiver in such a way as not to check the holes in it, but to solder everything from the top, like with SMD components.

Placing elements on the board

Used the classic LUT technology for the production of the board.

I printed it out, warmed it up with an iron, etched and washed off the toner.

I soldered all the elements.

Receiver setup

After switching on, if everything is assembled correctly, you should hear a hiss in the dynamic head. This means that everything is working fine for now. All tuning comes down to tuning the loop and selecting the range for reception. I am adjusting by rotating the coil core. As the receive range is configured, channels in it can be searched for with a variable resistor.

Conclusion

The microcircuit has good sensitivity, and a large number of radio stations are caught on a half-meter piece of wire, instead of an antenna. The sound is clear, without distortion. Such a scheme can be applied in a simple radio station instead of a receiver on a supergenerative detector.

With the help of the radio, you can while away the travel time. Usually, drivers prefer to listen to unobtrusive music so that it plays in the background and does not interfere with the steering. For this, autoradio is most suitable, which must first be set up. But many do not know how to properly tune a radio on a radio in a car.

Basically, radio tuning consists of a few simple steps. The broadcasting range is selected and the search for radio channels is carried out, which are stored in the tuner's memory. The search for radio stations is either automatic or manual. In the first case, radio channels are stored in descending order of broadcast quality.

Let's consider in more detail how to tune the radio on common car radios.

Pioneer

If you are wondering how to tune the radio on your Pioneer radio, don't worry, tuning is very easy. In automatic Pioneer tuning, press FUNC followed by BSM. To start the search for radio channels, press the button to the right or up, after the end, the music of the first found radio station will turn on.

For manual setting in BAND mode, press and hold \u003e\u003e |. Any first station in this radius will be searched for. After that the machine will stop scanning and start playing the found station. Then you will need to save it, for this, hold the key with the desired number... If you do not need the found station, you need to press the right key and hold it. Scanning will continue until a new station is found.

With this function, you can store up to 6 stations in the first bank in memory. After this manipulation, we press the BAND button and get into the second bank, it is shown on the display by the inscription F2. In the second bank, you can similarly store up to 6 stations in memory, and there is also a third bank. Most often there are three banks, but there are more of them. As a result, if you have three banks, you will have 18 stations active and saved. Now you know how to tune the radio on the Pioneer radio tape recorder.

Sony

Tuning the radio in the Sony radio is also not a problem. The search for stations is usually carried out in two common ways: manually or automatically. Automatic storage of radio stations:

1. Turn on the radio. Pressing the Source button for a long time, wait for the TUNER sign to appear on the display.
2. The range is changed by pressing the Mode button. Pressing the joystick will display the options menu.
3. Turn the joystick until the inscription of the TMV option appears. Radio channels are usually assigned to the keys with a number.

For manual scanning and saving you need:

1. Switch on the radio and start searching for stations.
2. After the desired radio station is found, you need to press the number key from 1 to 6, after which the name "Mem" will appear. Note: when you save a radio station to a digit that already has a radio station, the previous one is automatically erased.

Thus, you can tune the radio in the Sony radio tape recorder in 5-10 minutes.

Supra

After pressing the MODE button, select the Radio function, then the screen will display RADIO and the saved band with the broadcasting frequency. Pressing BND selects the desired broadcast band.

Press and hold the \u003e\u003e || button.

Then press the button \u003e\u003e || to select the desired station. If these keys are not pressed for up to ten seconds, everything will return to its original operating mode.

Automatic tuning and scanning of selected radio stations

Searching for existing radio stations:

By shortly pressing the AS / PS key, start the search for the saved radio channels. Any station can be listened to for about a couple of seconds. Hold the AS / PS key to store radio channels automatically. The receiver will tune six optimal stations, which are the most powerful in this broadcast range. This option can be applied in any wavelength range. After the automatic storage of stations is completed, the receiver will stop scanning them.

To tune a specific radio station, press the \u003e\u003e || button, this will scan and select the radio channels with the best reception signal. By pressing the \u003e\u003e || button, you can manually select the station you want. Hold down the key with numbers from 1 to 6 for about a couple of seconds to memorize the channel under the desired key.

JVS

When tuning in stations, it is possible to leave 30 FM radio channels and 15 AM channels in the tuner.

Setting stations manually:

1. Select the broadcasting band by pressing the TUNER BAND key.
2. Click on button 4 to set up the station.
3. Hold down the key with any selected number on the panel to store the station in the radio's memory. The selected number will start blinking, after which you will see the station stored under the selected number. For example: To tune to the station number 14, press the +10 key, and then press the 4 key for about three seconds or more.
4. To store other radio stations in the device's memory, repeat steps one through three. And to change the setting of the entire station, you need to repeat the whole process from the beginning.

Tuning stations in automatic mode:

Stations will be assigned numbers by increasing the range frequency.

1. Select the range by pressing the TUNER BAND key.
2. Press and hold the AUTO PRESET button on the panel.
3. To set a different radius of action, you need to go through stages from the first to the second again.

To replace the selected stations in automatic mode, you must use the manual setting.

Kenwood

Kenwood radios offer three types of autoradio tuning: automatic (AUTO), local (LO.S.) and manual.

1. Press SRC until “TUnE” appears.
2. Press FM or AM to select the band.

For automatic configuration, press \u003e\u003e | or |.

In the case of manual tuning, after all the above steps, ST lights up, indicating the station found.

Sometimes the most ordinary things are injected into a stupor. The tuning of the radio receiver on individual car brands is done in different ways. In this article, we'll take a closer look at how this mysterious process takes place in the Kia Rio.

RADIO CONTROL

Selecting the FM / AM frequency band

Press the FM-AM button to select the frequency band as follows: FM AM FM

Manual radio tuning

To tune in a radio station manually, press the or button for at least 2 seconds. Then press the or button to increase or decrease the radio frequency.

Automatic search for radio stations

By shortly pressing the or button, an automatic search will start in ascending or descending frequency of the radio reception.

The search will stop when the radio finds the next frequency station. If after the complete passage of the range no new stations are found, the radio will stop at the frequency from which the search was started.

Radio preset buttons

1. To select a preset radio station, briefly (no longer than 2 seconds) press the corresponding button.
2. If the button is pressed for more than 2 seconds, the currently received radio station will be stored in the memory instead of the previously programmed radio station.
3. The FM and AM bands can be programmed with six radio stations.

Tuning the radio by the list of radio stations

By successively pressing the button, the station list mode will change the next. as: List mode (station list) Preset mode (pre-programmed radio stations) List mode (station list)

Selecting a radio station from the list

1. Select station list mode or preset station mode by pressing
2. Press the or button to select the next or previous radio station from the list of radio stations or from pre-programmed radio stations.
3. If the pre-programmed radio stations are tuned in, you can select one of six radio stations, the frequencies of which are stored in the memory of the radio receiver. However, in the station list mode, you can store up to 50 radio stations with sufficient signal strength in the FM or AM frequency bands.
4. If the button is pressed for more than 2 seconds while the station list mode is on, the radio receiver finds and memorizes the operating frequencies of the radio stations with the strongest signal, broadcasting in the FM or AM band. It may take some time for the station list to update.
5. If the currently received radio station is not an RDS radio station, the broadcast frequency is shown instead of the radio station name.
6. The RDS radio data system allows the transmission of additional information in encoded digital form along with the main FM radio signal. The RDS system supports various information and service functions, such as displaying the station name, receiving traffic announcements and local news, and automatically searching for a station broadcasting a program of a certain genre.

Alternative radio frequency (AF)

The AF function for selecting the alternative frequencies of the radio signal can work in any mode except for receiving AM stations.

To activate this mode, press the SETTING button, the display will show the setup menu. Select the audio setup menu and press the (down) button to enter AF mode, then press the ENTER button to ON. Each time AF is selected, its status alternates between ON and OFF. When the AF function is on, the display shows “AF”.

Radio automatic retuning function

The radio compares the strength of the radio signals on all alternative frequencies and automatically selects and tunes to the broadcast frequency that provides the best conditions for receiving radio transmissions.

Search by Information Type (PI) Code

If, as a result of searching the list of alternative frequencies AF, the radio does not find any acceptable station, it will automatically go to the search for a radio station using the PI code. When searching by PI code, the radio searches for all RDS stations with the same PI code. During PI search, the sound is temporarily muted and “SEARCHING” appears on the display. The PI code search stops as soon as the radio finds a suitable radio station. If, after checking the entire frequency range, no station could be found, then the search stops and the radio returns to the previously tuned frequency.

Extended EON data update (this function also works when AF is off)

Reception of extended EON data allows the automatic re-tuning of pre-programmed stations to the same radio network. In addition, it becomes possible to use additional service functions provided by the network, for example, receiving traffic announcements. If the radio is FM and tuned to an RDS station in the extended EON network, the EON indicator appears on the display.

PS function (station name display)

If the radio tunes to an RDS station (manually or semi-automatically), RDS radio reception starts and the name of the station being received is displayed.

Function of interrupting the current mode by an alarm (ALARM INTERRUPTION-EBU SPEC FOR INFO)

If the radio receiver receives the PTY31 alarm code, the current operating mode of the audio system is automatically interrupted, and the message is broadcast with the message "RTU31 ALARM" displayed on the display. The volume level will be the same as for traffic announcements. After the warning message ends, the audio system will immediately return to the original operating mode.

Local Radio Reception (REG)

Some radio stations of local importance are combined into a regional network, since each of them covers only a small area due to the lack of the required number of repeaters. If the signal strength from the radio station becomes too weak while you are driving, RDS will automatically switch the audio system to another local radio station with a stronger signal.

If you turn on REG mode when the radio is on the FM band and tuned to a local station, the radio setting will be saved and there will be no switching to other local radio stations.

To activate this mode, press the SETTING button, the display will show the setup menu. Select the audio setup menu and press the (down) button to enter REG mode, then press the ENTER button to ON. When the REG function is selected successively, it alternates between ON and OFF. When the REG function is on, the display will show “REG”.

Traffic Announcement (TA) Mode

This function can work in any mode other than receiving AM stations.

To activate this mode, press the SETTING button, the display will show the setup menu. Select the audio setup menu and press the '(down) button to enter TA mode, then press the ENTER button to ON. Each time the TA function is selected, its status alternates between ON and OFF. When the TA function is on, the message "TA" appears on the display.

The TA mode is activated by pressing the TA button. After activating this mode, the TA indicator on the display lights up. The TA mode works regardless of whether AF mode is on or off.

Traffic announcement interruption function

If the TA function is on, if the radio detects a traffic announcement, the reception of the current radio station or CD playback is interrupted. The message “TA INTERRUPT INFO” (traffic announcement interruption) appears on the display, followed by the name of the radio station broadcasting the traffic announcement. The sound volume will be adjusted to a preset level.

After the end of the traffic announcement broadcast, the audio system returns to the previously selected signal source and established level volume.

If the audio system is tuned to an EON radio station and another EON radio station is broadcasting a traffic announcement, the radio will automatically switch to the EON radio station broadcasting a traffic announcement. At the end of the traffic announcement, the audio system returns to the previous signal source.

The interruption of the initial mode for the broadcast of a traffic announcement is canceled if the TA button is pressed during the broadcast of a traffic announcement. This will return the TA function to standby mode.

This function can work in any mode, except for receiving AM radio stations. The PTY mode is activated if the PTY ON state is activated in the PTU program type selection menu, or if the PTY button is pressed to the ON state. PTY appears on the display

PTY radio program type selection mode

To set the required type of RTU radio program, do the following.

1. Press the SETTING button.
2. Press the (Down) button to move to “RTU”, then press the ENTER button.
3. Select the desired program type from the menu, then press the ENTER button to confirm your selection.
4. Select the ON state for the RTU function. With successive selections of the RTU function, it alternately turns on (ON) and off (OFF).

After setting, to return to normal display mode, press the | press the CD or FM-AM button three times or once.

Search function by preset PTY program type

The audio system turns on in the search mode according to the specified type of RTU program when you press the search button or

If, during the search, a radio station is found broadcasting a program of the selected type, the radio will stop at that radio station, and the sound volume will be adjusted to the specified level for the RTU function. If you want to search for another station broadcasting programs of the same type, press the search button again.

PTY standby can be turned on when the audio system is in any mode other than AM reception.

Press the PTY button to turn off PTY standby. The PTY indicator on the display will turn off.

If the radio detects a program with the desired PTY code broadcast by the radio station to which the receiver is tuned in, or an EON radio station, an interrupt signal is issued and the name of the PTY radio station is displayed. The display shows the name of the PTY radio station that was interrupted and the volume is adjusted to the level set for the PTY function.

Pressing the TA button while in PTY interrupt mode will return the radio to the previous playback source. However, PTY Interrupt Standby remains on.

While in PTY interrupt mode, if you press the FM-AM band selection button or the CD player button, the audio system switches to the appropriate source. However, PTY Interrupt Standby remains on.

If the radio is tuned to a station that does not transmit RDS / EON radio data, when the audio system switches to CD mode, the radio automatically re-tunes to the RDS / EON radio station transmitting this data.

After returning to radio mode, it continues to receive the preset radio station.

Automatic reconfiguration of the radio is carried out in the following cases:

• If there is no RDS radio data for 25 seconds while AF is on and TA is off. or more.
• If, when the AF function is off and the TA function is on, the radio does not receive a signal from the npoi traffic announcement station.
• If, with the AF and TA functions turned on, the radio receiver for more than 25 sec. is not receiving a signal from an RDS station broadcasting a traffic announcement.

Volume control mode

To adjust the SPEED VOL function (the level of volume compensation based on the vehicle speed) and to adjust the volume level for PTY / TA functions:

1. Press the SETTING button.
2. Press the (down) button to move to Audio, then press the ENTER button.
3. Press the (Down) button to move to Speed \u200b\u200bSensitive Volume or PTY / TA, then press ENTER.
4. Press the (left) or (right) button to adjust the volume.
5. Press the ENTER button to confirm your choice.

To return to normal display mode, press the button twice or press once on any of the CD or FM / AM buttons.

Note: When this function is active, the higher the vehicle speed, the higher the volume level.

Thus, the multimedia radio system is fraught with some secrets that can surprise with its applicability and simplification of the life of a motorist.

Watch an interesting video on this topic:

Dear visitors!!!

If we compare outdated and modern models of radio receivers, they certainly have their own differences both in design and in electrical circuits. But the basic principle signal reception by radio - not changeable. For modern models of radio receivers, only the design itself changes and minor changes are made to the electrical circuits.

As for tuning the radio receiver to a wave, the reception of transmissions in the ranges for:

• long waves \\ LW \\;
• medium waves \\ SW \\,

- usually carried out on a magnetic antenna. In the ranges:

- the reception of the sound of the radio is received on the telescopic \\ outdoor \\ antenna.

Figure # 1 shows appearance and graphic designation of receiving antennas:

telescopic;

magnetic \\ antenna DV and SV \\.

Reception-on magnetic antenna

Figure 2 shows a visual image of the radio wave bending around obstacles \\ for mountainous terrain \\. The area of \u200b\u200bthe radio shadow is represented as the area inaccessible to radio waves by the receiver.

What is a magnetic antenna? - The magnetic antenna consists of a ferrite core, and the magnetic antenna coils are wound on separate \\ insulated \\ frames. The ferrite rod of the magnetic antenna for different radios has its own diameter and length. The winding data of the coils, respectively, also have their own certain number of turns and their own inductance - for each of these magnetic antenna circuits.

As you understood, such concepts in radio engineering as each individual magnetic antenna circuit and magnetic antenna coil, - have the same meanings, that is, you can formulate your proposal in one way or another.

In radio receivers, in its upper part, a magnetic antenna DV and SV is mounted. In the photo, the magnetic antenna looks like an elongated, cylindrical rod \\ made of ferrite \\\\.

If each coil \\ circuit \\ of a magnetic antenna has its own inductance, respectively, it is designed to receive individual ranges of radio waves. For example, according to the electrical diagram of the radio receiver, you observe that the magnetic antenna consists of five separate circuits \\ L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 \\, two of which are necessary for the received range:

• DV \\ L2 \\;
• CB \\ L4 \\.

Other circuits L1 L3 L5, - are communication coils, one of which, let's say L5 is connected to an external antenna. This explanation is not given specifically for each circuit, because the meanings of the designations in the circuits may change, but a general concept of a magnetic antenna is given.

Reception-to telescopic antenna

telescopic radio antenna

Depending on the radio receiver circuit, the telescopic "whip antenna" can be connected both to the input circuits of the long and medium wave ranges through a resistor and a coupling coil, or to the input circuits of the short wave range through a coupling capacitor. From the taps of the coils of the DV, SV or KV circuits - the signal voltage is fed to the input of the RF amplifier.

Winding data-antennas

The winding on the circuits is performed with a single or double wire. Each circuit has its own inductance. The loop inductance is measured in henry. To rewind a loop yourself, you need to know the winding data of this loop. That is, you need to know:

• number of turns of wire;
• section of the wire.

All the necessary technical data for outdated radio receivers could be found in reference books. At this time, there is no such literature for modern models of radio receivers.

For example, for receivers:

• Climber-405;
• Giala-404,

- the winding data of the coils coincided with each other. That is, let's say the communication coil \\ and there are several of them - in the scheme \\ with its designation, could be replaced from one receiver circuit to another circuit.

A circuit malfunction is more often associated with mechanical damage to the wire \\ accidentally hitting the wire with a screwdriver and so on \\. When repairing a circuit \\ rewinding it \\, it is usually taken into account, the number of turns of the old wire is taken into account and then, the same number of turns is performed with a new wire, where its cross section is also taken into account.

In this article, we partially got an idea of \u200b\u200bthe reception of sound by a radio receiver. Follow the rubric, it will be even more interesting further.