The essence and basic concepts of GIS Geographic information systems (also GIS) are designed to collect, store, analyze and graphically visualize spatial data and related information about the objects presented in the GIS. In other words, GIS is a modern computer technology for mapping and analyzing objects in the real world, occurring and predicted events and phenomena.
The GIS system allows you to: determine which objects are located in a given area; determine the location of the object (spatial analysis); to analyze the density of distribution over the territory of some phenomenon (for example, the density of settlement); determine temporary changes in a certain area); simulate what happens when you make changes to the location of objects (for example, if you add a new road).
GIS classification By territorial coverage: global GIS; subcontinental GIS; national GIS; regional GIS; subregional GIS; local or local GIS. By management level: federal GIS; regional GIS; municipal GIS; corporate GIS. By functionality: fully functional; GIS for viewing data; GIS for data entry and processing; specialized GIS. By subject area: -cartographic; -geological; -city or municipal GIS; -natural GIS, etc.
Areas of GIS application Land management, land cadastres. Inventory, accounting, planning and management of distributed production infrastructure facilities. Design, engineering surveys, planning in construction, architecture. Thematic mapping. Management of land, air and water transport. Natural resource management, environmental protection and ecology. Geology, mineral resources, mining industry Emergencies. Warfare. The solution of a wide range of specific problems related to the calculation of visibility zones, optimal routes of movement over rough terrain, taking into account the opposition, etc. Agriculture.
History of GIS Pioneer period (late 1950s - early 1970s) Research of fundamental possibilities, border areas of knowledge and technologies, development of empirical experience, first large projects and theoretical works. The advent of electronic computers (ECM) in the 50s. The emergence of digitizers, plotters, graphic displays and other peripherals in the 60s. Creation of software algorithms and procedures for graphical display of information on displays and using plotters. Creation of formal methods of spatial analysis. Creation of software tools for database management. Period of government initiatives (early 1970s early 1980s) Government support for GIS stimulated the development of experimental work in the field of GIS based on the use of street network databases: Automated navigation systems. Waste and garbage collection systems. Vehicle traffic in emergencies, etc. The period of commercial development (early 1980s to the present) Wide market for various software tools, the development of desktop GIS, the expansion of their field of application through integration with nonspatial databases, the emergence of network applications, the emergence of a significant number of non-professional users, systems that maintain individual datasets on separate computers open the way for systems that support enterprise and distributed geodatabases. User period (late 1980s to the present) Increased competition among commercial producers of geographic information technology services gives advantages to GIS users, the availability and "openness" of software tools allows the use and even modification of programs, the emergence of user "clubs", teleconferences, geographically separated, but connected by a single topic user groups, the increased need for geodata, the beginning of the formation of the global geoinformation infrastructure.
Prospects for GIS GeoDesign is an evolutionary stage in the development of GIS. It is very important for the planning and development of territories, especially in the field of land use and environmental protection, but it is widely demanded in almost all other applied and scientific fields. The future belongs to GIS technologies with elements of artificial intelligence based on the integration of GIS and expert systems. The advantages of such a symbiosis are quite obvious: the expert system will contain the knowledge of an expert in a particular field and can be used as a decisive or advising system. The current status of new computer geotechnologies is determined by large state programs, foreign investments aimed at the widespread use of aerial photographs and satellite images, digital maps, and visualization of databases. The city GIS of the future will allow not only receiving semantic information about objects on the map upon request, but also predicting the development of the territory, allowing the city administration to play options for directive decisions, the possible construction of a new city district, etc. At the same time, GIS, together with a simulation system, will be able to show city planners how the loads in urban engineering networks will be redistributed, the capacity of traffic flows, how the price of real estate will change depending on the additional highways or the construction of a new shopping center in a particular area.
Conclusion At the moment, GIS systems are one of the fastest growing and most interesting in terms of commercialization, with their user-friendly interface and the huge amount of information they contain make them indispensable in an ever-accelerating world. At the moment, in Russia, about 200 organizations are engaged in the development and implementation of GIS systems, the creation of a land cadastre will allow building other, subject-oriented maps on the basis of its maps and supplementing them with appropriate attributive content, which will allow our systems to compete with Western models. With the greater development of mobile access to the network through various devices, GIS systems using satellite images coupled with three-dimensional modeling will allow even an ordinary user to navigate any terrain without any problems and receive all the necessary information from these systems simply by asking a question.
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Thing: informatics and ICT.
Program section: Building and researching information models.
Lesson type: learning new material, research lesson.
Lesson type: combined.
Equipment: a computer class, a projector, a digital board, a lesson outline, a description of practical work, aerial and space images of the city of Smolensk, a school district, a school, a space image of the Smolensk region.
Software: operating system Windows, Opera, Microsoft Power Point program, Delphi, program "Streets of Smolensk", presentation for the lesson Geographic Information Systems.pps prepared by the teacher.
Lesson objectives:
- Educational - to acquaint students with geoinformation systems, with search techniques and means of navigation of geoinformation systems, with the value of space images in the creation of GIS, to form the skills of students to work with space images.
- Developing - develop the cognitive interest of students, the ability to apply the knowledge gained in practice, and instill research skills.
- Educational - to raise the level of information culture and social adaptation of students, to foster interest and love for their small homeland - Smolensk region.
Lesson plan:
Part I(1 hour)
- Organizing time.
- Preparatory independent work .
- Updating basic knowledge.
- Explanation of new material and primary consolidation of knowledge .
- Practical work.
Part II(2 hours)
- Practical work:
- GIS creation;
- filling in the GIS. - Home assignment.
PROCESS OF THE I LESSON
1. Organizational moment
Teacher. The topic of the lesson is "Geoinformation systems". In the first lesson, you will get acquainted with geographic information systems, search techniques and navigation aids in geographic information systems, in the next lesson you will create a simple GIS yourself.
Slide 1.
2. Preparatory independent work
- First, each of you works independently for 5 minutes.
1 student prepares to answer the question "Information Models". The rest of the students are divided into groups and, using search engines, prepare to answer the questions:
Group 1 - "What are geographic information systems";
Group 2 - "Types of geographic information systems";
Group 3 - "GIS structure";
Group 4 - "Application of GIS".
3. Updating basic knowledge
Slide 2. After completing the diagram, talk about information models.
The student answers the question on the slide.
Teacher. Give examples of information models for the Smolensk region.
Pupils(possible answers). Slide 3 .
- Graphic:
- physical map, map of the administrative divisions of the Smolensk region, etc .;
- charts of average monthly temperatures, employment of the population, etc .;
- gas pipeline diagram, electrical networks, etc.;
- administrative division tree of the region.
- Tabular:
- alumni databases;
- the results of passing the exam, etc.
- Mathematical:
- calculation of wages;
- calculation of utility bills, etc.
- Verbal
After the students' answers, the teacher reads out: Smolensk region ( Smolensk region)
- constituent entity of the Russian Federation, part of the Central Federal District.
- It borders on the Moscow, Kaluga, Bryansk, Pskov and Tver regions of Russia, as well as on the Mogilev and Vitebsk regions of Belarus.
- Square- 49 778 km ?.
- Population- 0.966 million people (for 2010).
- Regional center- the city of Smolensk, the distance to Moscow is 365 km by road.
- Formed- September 27, 1937 in the Western Region. She was awarded the Order of Lenin (1958), in 1985 she was awarded the title of Hero City.
4. Explanation of the new material
Teacher. We have already said that one of the types of graphical information models are geographic maps. It is impossible to imagine the present time without a computer, which gave new life to the cards - the cards have become digital. Geoinformation modeling is based on the creation of multilayer electronic maps, in which the reference layer describes the geography of a certain territory, and each of the others is one of the aspects of the state of this territory. Various layers of objects can be displayed on a geographic map: cities, roads, airports, etc. Geoinformation modeling is associated with
Geographic Information Systems or GIS.
Let's give the floor to the students of the group that worked on the question "What is GIS".
Slide 4. What is GIS?
Teacher. It is rather difficult to give an unambiguous short definition of this phenomenon. The guys gave more than one definition.
Geographic Information System (GIS)- this is an opportunity for a new look at the world around us.
Geographic information system Is a system for collecting, storing, analyzing spatial data and related information.
The term is also used in a narrower sense - GIS as a tool (software product) that allows users to search, analyze and edit digital maps, as well as additional information about objects, such as building height, address, number of residents.
GIS (Geographic Information System) - it is a modern computer technology for mapping and analyzing objects of the real world, as well as events taking place on our planet, in our life and work.
This technology combines traditional database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the full visualization and geographic (spatial) analysis benefits of a map. GIS maps can be used to plot not only geographic data, but also statistical, demographic, technical, and many other types of data and apply a variety of analytical operations to them.
These capabilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and provide unique opportunities for its application in a wide range of tasks related to the analysis and forecasting of phenomena and events in the surrounding world, with understanding and highlighting the main factors and causes, as well as their possible consequences, with planning strategic decisions. and the current consequences of the actions taken. ,
Let's give the floor to the students of the group that worked on the question "Types of geographic information systems."
Students answer, the teacher complements.
Slide 5. Types of geographic information systems.
General geodata are used in the creation and operation of various types of geographic information systems:
- professional (for government and industry structures);
- open GIS, which are available at the automated workstations of various specialists within the region and country;
- built-in GIS - systems installed on cars, water transport, submarines, modern railway transport;
- GPS (Geo Position System) is a satellite navigation system.
- Internet GIS - in various network portals that provide electronic maps;
- CAD-GIS - in automated design systems in the construction of buildings and communications, landscape design;
- desktop GIS - those systems that are installed on work and home computers.
Teacher. What parts the GIS consists of, the next group will answer us.
Students answer, the teacher complements.
Slide 6. GIS structure
Hardware... A computer for working with GIS can be from the simplest PCs to the most powerful supercomputers. The computer is the backbone of GIS equipment and receives data through a scanner or from databases. The monitor will allow observing and analyzing GIS data. Printers and plotters are the most common tools for deriving the end results of GIS work done on a computer.
Program... GIS software performs storage, analysis and presentation of geographic information. The most widely used GIS programs are MapInfo, ARC / Info, AutoCADMap and others.
Data. The choice of data depends on the task and the possibilities of obtaining the information. Data can be used from various sources - databases of organizations, the Internet, commercial databases, etc.
Users. People using GIS can be conditionally divided into the following groups: GIS operators, whose job is to place data on a map, engineers / GIS users, whose function is to analyze and further work with this data, and those who, based on the results obtained, need to accept solution. In addition, GIS can be used by the general public through off-the-shelf software applications or the Internet.
Method. There are many ways to create maps in GIS and how to work with them further. The most productive GIS will be one that operates according to a well-thought-out plan and operational approaches appropriate to the user's needs.
Teacher. The question is, how does GIS work?
Slide 7
Unlike a conventional paper map, an electronic map created in a GIS contains hidden information that can be “activated” as needed. GIS stores information about the real world as a collection of thematic layers that are grouped based on geographic location. Each layer consists of data on a specific topic. For example, information about spatial position, reference to geographic coordinates, or links to address and tabular data. GIS uses cartographic material that is referenced in a given coordinate system. When using such links, a procedure called geocoding... With its help, you can quickly identify and see on the map where the object of interest and its characteristics are located. GIS allows you to quickly perform spatial data analysis and, on its basis, make effective management decisions.
For example, if you are exploring a certain area, then one layer of the map may contain data about roads, the second about water bodies, the third about hospitals, and so on. You can view each layer-map separately, or you can combine several layers at once, or select separate information from different layers and create thematic maps based on the selection.
Graphical information in GIS is stored in vector format. In a vector model, information about points, lines and polylines (houses, roads, rivers, buildings, etc.) is encoded and stored as a set of X, Y (Z, T) coordinates, which allows you to manipulate the image. The original image is entered from the scanner in a raster format, and then exposed to vectorization - setting formula relationships between lines and points.
Teacher. In what areas do you think GIS is used?
Students (next group) name the areas of application of GIS.
Slide 8. Application of GIS.
Teacher. GIS is now a multi-million dollar industry that involves hundreds of thousands of people around the world. GIS is studied in schools, colleges and universities. This technology is used in almost all spheres of human activity - whether it is the analysis of such global problems as overpopulation, pollution of the territory, the reduction of forest land, natural disasters, and the solution of particular problems, such as finding the best route between points, choosing the optimal location for a new office, searching at home at his address, laying a pipeline on the ground, various municipal tasks, etc.,.
Slide 9. Working with GIS.
Students work at computers. The presentation is open on all computers over the computer network.
The program "Streets of the city of Smolensk"
Teacher. What can this GIS do?
Students answer, the teacher complements.
The program contains information about the streets of the city of Smolensk: street map, history and description of the street, photographs; information about the city of Smolensk. The search is carried out on the streets that have a name.
Practical work. Search for city streets and information about them.
- Find Tvardovskogo Street on the map.
- What is the place name and history of the street?
- Find a photo of the street (http://www.smoladmin.ru/map)
Teacher. In the process of performing practical work, answer the question: "What can this GIS do?"
Practical work. Work with an open geographic information system of the city of Smolensk.
- After checking the appropriate boxes and updating the map, find all the objects "Education" on the main map.
- Select the "Address plan" card. Search for the address and find the house you live in.
- Select the map "Cadastre of the city". Determine the cadastral value of the land at the location of your home.
Students answer the question the teacher posed before doing the practical work.
Teacher. Google Maps offers a map and satellite imagery of the entire world (as well as the Moon and Mars). The map integrates a business directory and a road map with a search for routes in the USA, Canada, Japan, Hong Kong, China, Great Britain, Ireland, European regions, as well as Russian cities.
Practical work. Neighborhoods of New York.
- Start with a general map of North America.
- Zoom in to show US states on the map.
- Zoom in on the map further. In order not to get lost on the map, it is recommended to zoom in by double-clicking on the desired geographic feature.
- View satellite photo of the same area.
Practical work. Sights of the Smolensk region.
- In the line "Search on the map" enter the names of the Khmelita estate.
- Zoom in on the map.
- View satellite images of the same area.
- Check out the photos for this area.
This is a state historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve. On its territory there are unique memorial, architectural, historical and natural monuments of federal significance associated with the names of A.S. Griboyedov, A.S. Khomyakova, P.S. Nakhimova, S.S. Uvarova, M.A. Bulgakov.
Slide 10. Space photography.
Teacher. As we could see during practical work, the electronic map created in the GIS is supported by the Internet and even by space images and information from satellites.
Space photography- survey of the earth's surface from spacecraft using special equipment (photography, scanner survey, thermal survey, etc.).
Earlier, studying the earth, cartographers spent centuries to map various geographic features. Now this can be done in a matter of a few near-earth orbits of spacecraft. In just 10 minutes, a spacecraft can photograph up to 1 million square meters. km of the earth's surface, while such an area is removed from an airplane in 4 years, and geologists and topographers would take about 80 years to do this. With the help of satellite imagery, it was possible to erase many "white spots" in hard-to-reach areas of the earth.
History reference
I. The first pictures from space were taken
- from rockets in 1946,
- from artificial earth satellites - in 1960,
- from manned spacecraft - in 1961 (Yu. A. Gagarin).
The first photograph from space was taken just over a year after the end of World War II. On October 24, 1946, a V-2 rocket launched from the White Sands launch pad in New Mexico rose to an altitude of 104.6 km. The camera installed on board took a picture every one and a half seconds of flight. After several minutes in space, the rocket returned to earth. The landing was not planned to be soft, and the rocket crashed to smithereens, and with it the camera. The steel cassette with the film remained intact, and the scientists got their hands on a unique photographic material. Until 1946, the most "high-altitude" images of the Earth were those taken from an Explorer II balloon (22 km) in 1935.
II. In 1987, while in space at the Mir station, cosmonauts Yuri Romanenko, Alexander Laveykin and Alexander Alexandrov surveyed a significant part of Antarctica. All this helped to create a detailed map of this continent on a scale of 1: 200000 (2 km in cm). Such maps, and even on such a scale, simply cannot be made by other methods.
5. Performing practical work
Practical work. The area I study in.
- Open resource http://kosmosnimki.ru
- Enter Smolensk into the search bar.
- Changing the scale, find MBOU Secondary School No. 29.
- Find the geographical coordinates of the school.
- Find the street boundaries of the school district and, using markers, sign them.
- Find a children's clinic, a library, a sports school, a kindergarten in the school area and sign them.
(In points 3-5, students take turns working with the digital whiteboard, marking the found objects.)
Teacher. In what areas are space imagery used?
Pupils (possible answers): in environmental monitoring, forestry, agriculture, construction, cartography, cadastral activities, tourism, insurance .
Slide 16. Use of space imagery and GIS technologies.
Teacher. How do you think space images are used in environmental monitoring, forestry, agriculture, construction, cartography, cadastral activities, tourism, insurance .
Slides 17-24.
PROCESS II LESSON
Computer workshop "Creation of a geographic information system of the Smolensk region"
1. Creation of a program for working with a satellite image of the Smolensk region. Computer workshop on the proposed algorithm and code.
2. Entering the names of geographical objects in the space image of the Smolensk region.
Using the maps of the Smolensk region, apply the Internet resources http://kosmosnimki.ru and http://maps.google.com to a satellite image of the city, river, lake of the Smolensk region.
Slide 2
- 1. What is GIS?
- GIS is a set of computer equipment, geographic data and software for collecting, processing, storing, modeling, analyzing and displaying all types of spatially referenced information.
- GIS is a medium that links geographic information (where what is) with descriptive information (what it is). Unlike conventional paper maps (even scanned ones), on which “what you see is what you get,” GIS provides you with many layers of diverse general geographic and thematic information.
Slide 3
How information is stored in a GIS
All the original information - where the points are located, how long the roads are or the area of the lake - is stored in separate layers in digital form on a computer. And all of this geographic data is sorted into layers, with each layer representing its own type of feature (theme). One of these topics may contain all roads in a certain area, another - lakes, and the third - all cities and other settlements in the same area.
Slide 4
GIS can be viewed in three ways
- GIS can be viewed in three Kinds:
- Database type: GIS is a unique type of database about our world - a geographic database. This is the "Information System for Geography". GIS is based on a structured database that describes the world in geographical terms, in terms of the spatial location of its objects and phenomena.
- Map View: A GIS is a collection of smart maps and other graphical views that show objects and their relationships on the earth's surface. Maps can be generated and used as a "window to the database" to support queries, analysis and editing of information. These actions are called geovisualization.
- Model view: GIS is a set of tools for transforming information. They allow you to form new geographic datasets from existing ones, applying special analytical functions to them - geoprocessing tools. In other words, by combining data and applying some rules, you can create a model that helps you find answers to the questions posed.
Slide 5
What you can do with GIS
- Make spatial queries and analyze
- search databases and perform spatial queries
- identify areas suitable for the required activities; identify relationships between different parameters (for example, soils, climate and crop yields); identify places of power grids
Slide 6
Where GIS is used
- Realtors use GIS to find, for example, all houses in a certain area.
- Engineering communications company
- GIS are used for graphical construction of maps and obtaining information as about separate objects
- GIS helps, for example, in solving such tasks as providing various information at the request of planning authorities, resolving territorial conflicts, choosing the best (from different points of view and according to different criteria) places for placing objects, etc.
Slide 7
What is GPS
GPS is a satellite navigation system that measures distance, time and determines location.
Slide 8
GPS has a number of applications on land, at sea and in the air. Basically, they can be used wherever one can receive a signal from a satellite, except inside buildings, in mines and caves, underground and under water.
Slide 9
GPS receiver is a radio receiver for determining the geographic coordinates of the current location of the receiver antenna, based on data on the time delays in the arrival of radio signals emitted by satellites of the NAVSTAR group. In Russia, with the development of the GLONASS system, the serial production of GLONASS receivers began by a number of design bureaus and organizations.
Slide 10
- The presence of the card significantly improves the user characteristics of the receiver. Receivers with maps show the position of not only the receiver itself, but also objects around it.
- All electronic GPS-maps can be divided into two main types - vector and raster.
Slide 11
What is geocache
Geocaching (geocaching from γεο- - Earth and English cache - cache) is a tourist game with the use of satellite navigation systems, which consists in finding the caches hidden by other participants in the game.
Slide 12
- It can be played with family, company or alone.
- Geocaching is actively used as a corporate entertainment. Employees of the supply company hide caches, instruct participants, provide them with equipment and GPS-navigators.
Slide 13
- Google's project, in which satellite photographs of the entire earth's surface were posted on the Internet. Photos of some regions are of unprecedented high resolution.
- In many cases, the Russian version of Google Earth is called Google Earth, for example, in the main menu or on the official website.
Slide 17
Task 1: Using the Catalog tool (in the upper left corner of the program) look at the catalog of organizations in the city of Saratov. Task 2: Use the "Search" system. Enter the address (as you wish), district. The program will automatically indicate the required address. Task 3: To plot a route by public transport or a car between any points on the map, use the "How to get there?" on the Search tab.
Slide 18
View all slides
Slide 1
Slide 2
Geographic information systems are tools for processing spatial information, usually explicitly tied to some part of the earth's surface and used to control it.
Slide 3
GIS have the following subsystems: Data collection subsystem that collects and preprocesses data from various sources. This x data (for example, from contours of a topographic map to a GIS elevation model). 2. Subsystem for storing and retrieving data, organizing spatial data for the purpose of retrieving, updating and editing. 3. Subsystem of data manipulation and analysis, which performs various tasks based on this data, groups and separates them, sets parameters and restrictions, and performs modeling functions. 4. Output subsystem that displays the entire database or part of it in tabular, diagrammatic or cartographic form. This definition makes it easy to compare modern computer GIS with traditional paper maps, especially when considering the stages of the cartographic process.
Slide 4
Slide 5
GIS structure 1 Data (spatial data): positional (geographic): the location of an object on the earth's surface. non-positional (attributive): descriptive. 2 Hardware (computers, networks, storage devices, scanner, digitizers, etc.). 3 Software (software). 4 Technologies (methods, procedures, etc.).
Slide 6
The tasks that GIS solves. General-purpose GIS, among other things, usually performs five procedures (tasks) with data: input, manipulation, control, query and analysis, visualization.
Description of the presentation for individual slides:
1 slide
Slide Description:
2 slide
Slide Description:
GIS (Geographic Information System) is a set of computer equipment, geographic data and software for collecting, processing, storing, modeling, analyzing and displaying all types of spatially referenced information. GIS is a modern computer technology for mapping and analyzing objects in the real world, as well as events taking place on our planet, in our life and work. GIS is a computer system that allows you to display the necessary data on an electronic map. What is GIS?
3 slide
Slide Description:
GIS structure is the constituent parts of GIS and the relationship between them: data (spatial data): geographic (location of an object on the earth's surface, photographs from space, aerial photographs), tabular or descriptive data related to geographic; hardware (computer, computer and telecommunication networks, external memory drives, scanner, digitizers, etc.); software for storing, entering, analyzing and visualizing geographic information; technologies (methods, procedures, etc.); specialists who work with software products GIS structure
4 slide
Slide Description:
GIS classification By territorial coverage: global GIS; subcontinental GIS; national GIS; regional GIS; subregional GIS; local or local GIS. By functionality: fully functional; GIS for viewing data; GIS for data entry and processing; specialized GIS.
5 slide
Slide Description:
By management level: federal GIS; regional GIS; municipal GIS; corporate GIS. By subject area: cartographic; geological; city or municipal GIS; environmental GIS, etc. GIS classification
6 slide
Slide Description:
By problem-thematic orientation: general geographic; ecological and nature management; sectoral (water resources, forestry, tourism, transport, etc.). By the way of organizing geographic data: vector; raster; vector-raster. GIS classification
7 slide
Slide Description:
Hardware Methods (technologies) Specialists GIS structure Geographic and descriptive data GIS structure
8 slide
Slide Description:
GIS stores information about the real world in the form of a set of thematic layer maps and databases associated with these maps. How does GIS work?
9 slide
Slide Description:
Vectorization - setting the formula relationships between lines and points Map vectorization is the conversion of a paper copy of a map or raster file into a vector format
10 slide
Slide Description:
11 slide
Slide Description:
GIS composition Hardware; Software GIS software contains the functions and tools needed to store, analyze and visualize geographic (spatial) information. Data Data can be presented in the form of ready-made maps with the required thematic layers, or in the form of images from space and aerial photography, etc.
12 slide
Slide Description:
Operations in GIS Data entry In geographic information systems, the process of creating digital maps is automated, which dramatically reduces the time of the technological cycle. Data management Geographic information systems store spatial and attribute data for their further analysis and processing. Query and Analysis of Data Geographic information systems perform queries about the properties of objects located on the map, and automate the process of complex analysis, comparing many parameters to obtain information or predict phenomena. Data visualization Convenient data presentation directly affects the quality and speed of their analysis. Spatial data on interactive maps. Reports on the state of objects can be built in the form of graphs, diagrams, three-dimensional images.
13 slide
Slide Description:
Administrative-territorial administration; urban planning and design of objects; maintaining inventories of engineering communications, land, urban planning, green spaces; forecast of emergency situations of technogenic and ecological character; management of traffic flows and routes of urban transport; building environmental monitoring networks; engineering-geological zoning of the city. Telecommunications trunk and cellular communications, traditional networks; strategic planning of telecommunication networks; selection of the optimal location of antennas, repeaters, etc.; determination of cable laying routes; monitoring of the state of networks; operational dispatch control. GIS Applications
14 slide
Slide Description:
Engineering communications needs assessment in water supply and sewerage networks; modeling of the consequences of natural disasters for systems of engineering communications; engineering network design; monitoring of the state of engineering networks and prevention of emergencies. Road, rail, water, pipeline, air transport; management of transport infrastructure and its development; fleet management and logistics; traffic management, route optimization and traffic analysis. GIS Applications
15 slide
Slide Description:
oil and gas complex geological exploration and field survey work; monitoring of technological modes of operation of oil and gas pipelines; design of trunk pipelines; modeling and analysis of the consequences of emergency situations. law enforcement agencies of the rapid response service, armed forces, police, fire services; planning rescue operations and security measures; simulation of emergency situations; strategic and tactical planning of military operations; navigation of rapid response services and other law enforcement agencies. ecology assessment and monitoring of the state of the natural environment; modeling of ecological disasters and analysis of their consequences; planning of environmental protection measures. GIS Applications
16 slide
Slide Description:
Forestry strategic forestry management; logging management, forest approach planning and road design; maintaining forest inventories. Agriculture; agricultural land cultivation planning; registration of landowners and arable land; optimization of transportation of agricultural products and mineral fertilizers. GIS Applications
17 slide
Slide Description:
Satellite navigation system is a system designed to determine the location (geographical coordinates and altitude) of ground, water and air objects. Satellite navigation system
18 slide
Slide Description:
GPS GPS is a satellite navigation system that measures distance, time and determines location.
19 slide
Slide Description:
Using GPS / GLONASS GPS / GLONASS has a number of applications on land, at sea and in the air. Basically, they can be used wherever one can receive a signal from a satellite, except inside buildings, in mines and caves, underground and under water.
